Introduction: The martian polar caps are in majority composed of CO2 ice [1-3]. Early modeling of the polar caps suggested that they were in equilibrium with the ~6 mbar CO2 atmosphere [2], and various observations have shown a ciclicity of growth and retreat, following martian seasons [4]. However, other studies show that CO2 ice constitutes only a thin veneer on the surface of a probably much...

In the central auditory system, cartwheel cells (CWCs) are a group of interneurons in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN). While other DCN neurons respond to stimuli with a simple discharge pattern of single action potentials (SAPs), CWCs respond with complex action potentials (CAPs), consisting of SAPs superimposed on a slow depolarization. The CAPs in CWCs may participate in various auditory or...

CONTEXT The majority of Medicare drug benefits in managed care (Medicare + Choice) have annual dollar limits or caps and many beneficiaries face temporary but potentially significant gaps in coverage after exceeding caps before the end of the year. In the new national Medicare drug benefit, beneficiaries with high medication expenditures will also face a period without drug coverage when their ...

هدف: این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثر آموزش برنامه هوش موفق استرنبرگ بر افزایش خلاقیت و تحمل ابهام دانش‌­آموزان انجام شد. روش: روش ­آزمایشی طرح پیش ­آزمون پس پیگیری گروه کنترل بود. جامعۀ آماری را 15842 نفر ازدانش‌­آموزان پسر کلاس چهارم در سال تحصیلی1399-1400 شهر اصفهان تشکیل دادند که30 نمونه‌­گیری تصادفی چند مرحله­‌ای انتخاب به صورت دو آزمایش (15 نفر) گمارده شدند. ده جلسه برنامه‌­ی دریافت نمود. داده­...

The range of scales is immense. At the high end we are looking at changes in the ice caps near the North and South poles, at the global ocean and atmospheric circulation patterns and, on a shorter time scale, at the motion of weather patterns around the globe. The length scale in each of these cases is in the thousand kilometre range, and this is not the subject of the present article, though w...

This paper models settlement arrangements between international telecommunication carriers. The FCC in the U.S. claims these arrangements cost U.S. consumers billions of dollars annually, largely to subsidize foreign carriers in low-income countries. A model is given which makes sense of this claim, as well as the role of costs, competition, and income disparities in settlement rate determinati...

A line in (Z/nZ)2 is any translate of a cyclic subgroup of order n. A subset X ⊂ (Z/nZ)2 is a cap if no three of its points are collinear, and X is complete if it is not properly contained in another cap. We determine bounds on Φ(n), the minimum size of a complete cap in (Z/nZ)2. The other natural extremal question of determining the maximum size of a cap in (Z/nZ)2 is considered in [8]. These ...

Drop N random caps all of the same angular radius θ = c √ 1 N logN on a unit sphere. Let U denote the part of the surface covered by these caps. We prove that if c > √ 2, then the probability that U is connected tends to 1 as N → ∞, while if c < 1, then the probability that U is connected tends to 0 as N → ∞.

Cap and swaption prices contain information on interest rate volatilities and correlations. In this paper, we examine whether this information in cap and swaption prices is consistent with realized movements of the interest rate term structure. To extract an option-implied interest rate covariance matrix from cap and swaption prices, we use Libor market models or discrete-tenor string models as...

Several interviews are available for assessing PTSD. These interviews vary in merit when compared on stringent psychometric and utility standards. Of all the interviews, the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-1) appears to satisfy these standards most uniformly. The CAPS-1 is a structured interview for assessing core and associated symptoms of PTSD. It assesses the frequency and intensity ...