the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of enterotoxigenic and enteroaggregative strains ofescherichia coli in chicken carcasses by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). in this study 63 strains of e. coliwere isolated from 110 samples of chicken carcasses during processing after chilling in the poultry slaughterhouse of shahrekord. polymerase chain reaction assays were used to detect t...

In presenting a unifying concept for chronic inflammation and lymphoid organogenesis, we suggest that lymphotoxin's (LT, LT-alpha, TNF-beta) crucial role in these processes is pivotal and similar. Chronic inflammatory lesions that developed in the kidney and pancreas at the sites of transgene expression in rat insulin promoter-LT (RIP-LT) mice resembled lymph nodes with regard to cellular compo...

The type II heat-labile enterotoxins, LT-IIa and LT-IIb, exhibit potent adjuvant properties. However, little is known about their immunomodulatory activities upon interaction with innate immune cells, unlike the widely studied type I enterotoxins that include cholera toxin (CT). We therefore investigated interactions of LT-IIa and LT-IIb with human monocytic THP-1 cells. We found that LT-II ent...

We have constructed a plasmid containing the gene for production of the B subunit of the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT-B) from a human isolate of Escherichia coli, strain H10407. The 0.8-kilobase gene fragment encoding synthesis of LT-B was cloned onto plasmid pBR322 after sequential digestion of the enterotoxin plasmid of strain H10407 with restriction endonucleases PstI and HindIII. LT-B was is...

Host allelic variation controls the response to B. anthracis and the disease course of anthrax. Mouse strains with macrophages that are responsive to anthrax lethal toxin (LT) show resistance to infection while mouse strains with LT non-responsive macrophages succumb more readily. B6.CAST.11M mice have a region of chromosome 11 from the CAST/Ei strain (a LT responsive strain) introgressed onto ...

Much interest has been directed at understanding the adjuvant properties of the heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli (LT). In this study, we have assessed how LT compared with the nonenzymatic mutant LT (E112K) affect the level of B7-1 and B7-2 expression on APCs, and we determined how these costimulatory molecules influence their adjuvant properties. Analysis of B7-1 and B7-2 expression...

Sorafenib is shown to improve survival in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, it has as yet not been tested in the liver transplantation (LT) setting. We report a 55-year-old man with multifocal HCC (stage B) related to hepatitis B virus cirrhosis (Child-Pugh B), initially treated with transarterial chemoembolization. After five months, sorafenib was added due to lac...