BACKGROUND Lateral mass screw fixation (LSF) techniques have been widely used for reconstructing and stabilizing the cervical spine; however, complications may result depending on the choice of surgeon. There are only a few reports related to LSF applications, even though fracture fixation has become a severe complication. This study establishes the three-dimensional finite element model of the...

Speech coding techniques capable of generating encoded representations which are robust against channel losses play an important role in enabling reliable voice communication over packet networks and mobile wireless systems. In this paper, we investigate the use of multiple description index assignments (MDIAs) for loss-tolerant transmission of line spectral frequency (LSF) coefficients, typica...

The influence of solid (SSF) or liquid state fermentation (LSF) for 48 and 96 h on the production of water soluble extracts from kidney beans was investigated. SSF was carried out by Bacillus subtilis, whilst LSF was performed either by natural fermentation (NF) or by Lactobacillus plantarum strain (LPF). SSF extracts showed high soluble phenolic compound content (31-36 mg/g) and antioxidant ac...

Low-spatial-frequency (LSF) visual information is processed in an elemental fashion before a finer analysis of high-spatial-frequency information. Further, the amygdala is particularly responsive to LSF information contained within negative (e.g., fearful) facial expressions. In a separate line of research, it has been shown that surprised facial expressions are ambiguous in that they can be in...

Exposure of beer to light results in the formation undesirable flavours or complete spoilage. Photo-damaged beerhas a specific, so-called skunky light-struck flavour (LSF). The compound responsible for LSF is 3-methylbut-2-ene-1-thiol (MBT). Riboflavin (RF) plays key role MBT. It absorbs blue part thespectrum and transfers excitation energy isohumulones. This process accompanied by decompositio...