We propose Alternative Best-E ort (ABE), a novel service for IP networks, which relies on the idea of providing low-delay at the expense of maybe less throughput. The objective is to retain the simplicity of the original Internet single class, best e ort service, while providing low delay to interactive, adaptive applications. With ABE, every best e ort packet is marked as either green or blue....

The Halpern Shoham logic is a modal logic of time intervals. Some e ort has been put in last ten years to classify fragments of this beautiful logic with respect to decidability of its satis ability problem. We contribute to this e ort by showing (among other results), that the BD fragment (where only the operators begins and during are allowed) is undecidable over discrete structures.

Our TREC 2008 e ort used fusion IR methods identical to those used for our TREC 2007 e ort; in addition we used logistic regression to attempt to learn the optimal K value for the primary F1@K measure introduced at TREC 2008. We used the Wumpus search engine combining several methods that have proven successful, including cover density ranking and Okapi BM25 ranking, and combination methods. St...

This chapter discusses the desirable features of languages andprotocols for communicationamong intelligent informationagents. These desiderata aredividedintosevencategories: form,content, semantics, implementation,networking, environment, and reliability. TheKnowledgeQueryandManipulation Language (KQML) is a newlanguage and protocol for exchanging information andknowledge.Thiswork is partof a l...

1. Bottom ®shing using towed nets and dredges is one of the most widespread sources of physical disturbance to the continental shelf seas throughout the world. Previous studies suggest that degradation and ecosystem changes have occurred in intensively ®shed areas. Nevertheless, to date it has been dicult to attribute habitat and benthic community changes to ®shing e€ort at a spatial scale tha...

BACKGROUND STR/ort mice spontaneously develop degenerative changes of the knee joints resembling human osteoarthritis (OA), with the males being more severely affected than the females. OBJECTIVE To analyse the early changes leading to OA by examining the articular cytokine expression and degenerative changes in STR/ort mice. METHODS 122 STR/ort mice of both sexes aged between 2 and 15.5 mo...

Handling bugs is an essential part of so‰ware development. Œe impact of programming language on this task has long been a topic of much debate. For example, some people hold the view that bugs in Python are easy to handle because its code is easy to read and understand, while some others believe the absence of static typing in Python will lead to higher bug-handling e‚ort. Œis paper presents th...

The rising trend of projects with high-skilled and autonomous contributors increasingly exposes managers to the risk of idiosyncratic individual behaviors. In this paper, we examine the e ects of an important behavioral factor, an individual's cost salience. Cost salience leads individuals to perceive the cost of immediate e ort to be larger than the cost of future e ort. This leads to procrast...

We analyse pricing, e¤ort and tipping decisions at the online service "Google Answers". Users set a price for the answer to their question ex ante, and they can additionally tip the researcher who provided the answer ex post. A positive wage-e¤ort relationship is frequently found in laboratory giftexchange games, yet …eld evidence for reciprocity in two-stage settings is mixed. Our …eld data co...