STEP-NC, a new data model for CAD–CAM–CNC chain, is expected to encompass the whole scope of e-manufacturing. The new data model formalized as ISO 14649 is under development by ISO TC184 SC1 and SC4 for the replacement of the old standard so-called G&M codes, formalized as ISO 6983 which has been used since the 1950s. As the new data model is being established, development and implementation of...

TGFβ/BMP signaling regulates the fate of multipotential cranial neural crest (CNC) cells during tooth and jawbone formation as these cells differentiate into odontoblasts and osteoblasts, respectively. The functional significance of SMAD4, the common mediator of TGFβ/BMP signaling, in regulating the fate of CNC cells remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of SMAD4 in regu...

CAD systems today interpolate general curves by dividing each curve into many straight-line segments which are downloaded to the CNC. Determining the number of lines to be transferred from the CAD to the CNC poses a conflict between the desired precision of the part and the feedrate fidelity. The current method results in severe variations in the feedrate, leading, in turn, to variations in the...

تحلیل ‌میزان ‌و ‌چگونگی آسیب‌پذیری ‌بافت‌‌های‌ ‌شهری‌ به ‌‌برنامه‌ریزان‌‌ و ‌مدیران ‌‌شهری ‌در ‌‌تصمیم‌گیری‌های ‌مناسب ‌انتخاب راه حل‌‌های‌ کنترل‌ ‌مقابل ‌با ‌مخاطرات‌ احتمالی‌کمک ‌مؤثری ‌می‌کند. بنابراین در تحقیق حاضر میزان بافت جدید (منطقۀ یک) قدیمی چهار) شهر ارومیه بر اساس شاخص‌های پدافند غیرعامل حملات هوایی ارزیابی تطبیقی می‌شود. برای رسیدن هدف، پس از مطالعۀ منابع مرتبط، تعداد 10 شاخص بین ع...

We show a simple method toward nanoscale cilia-like structures, i.e., functional hairy surfaces, upon topochemically functionalizing nanorods of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with thiol end groups (CNC-SHs), which leads to their immobilization onto a gold surface from one end, still allowing their orientational mobility. CNCs having a lateral dimension of 3-5 nm and length of 50-500 nm incorpor...

We refer to network coding schemes in which information flows propagate along a combination network topology as combination network coding (CNC). CNC and its variations are the first network coding schemes studied in the literature, and so far still represent arguably the most important class of known structures where network coding is nontrivial. Our main goal in this paper is to seek a thorou...

BACKGROUND Point mutations of the PRKAR1A gene are a genetic cause of Carney complex (CNC) and primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD), but in 30% of the patients no mutation is detected. OBJECTIVE Set up a routine-based technique for systematic detection of large deletions or duplications of this gene and functionally characterize these mutations. METHODS Multiplex ligatio...

Several open control architectures have been proposed to enable the incorporation of new technologies into existing CNC controllers. However, complex interfaces and communications among heterogeneous hardware and software platforms have yet to be resolved to reduce development time and cost. We propose a piece of kernel software that facilitates the development, reconfiguration, and distributio...

ADAMs are cell surface metalloproteases that control multiple biological processes by cleaving signaling and adhesion molecules. ADAM13 controls cranial neural crest (CNC) cell migration both by cleaving cadherin-11 to release a promigratory extracellular fragment and by controlling expression of multiple genes via its cytoplasmic domain. The latter activity is regulated by γ-secretase cleavage...

Three different polysaccharides, aloe vera, Tamarind powder and pineapple fibers, are utilized as drag reducing agents in a turbulent flow. Using a Taylor–Couette setup, consisting of a rotating inner cylinder, for measuring the drag reduction, a range of Reynolds numbers from 4 × 104 to 3 × 105 has been explored in this study. The results are in good agreement with previous studies on polysacc...