Development of Leishmania infantum/Leishmania major hybrids was studied in two sand fly species. In Phlebotomus papatasi, which supported development of L. major but not L. infantum, the hybrids produced heavy late-stage infections with high numbers of metacyclic promastigotes. In the permissive vector Lutzomyia longipalpis, all Leishmania strains included in this study developed well. Hybrids ...

Somatic cell hybrids generated from transgenic mouse cells have been used to examine the developmental regulation of human gamma-to-beta-globin gene switching. In hybrids between mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells and transgenic erythroblasts taken at various stages of development, there was regulated expression of the human fetal gamma and adult beta genes, reproducing the in vivo pattern prior...

Eleven new lanthanide oxalatophosphonate hybrids with a 2D layered structures, namely, [Ln(H(3)L)(C(2)O(4))]·2H(2)O (Ln = La-Dy, Er and Y, H(4)L = C(6)H(5)CH(2)N(CH(2)PO(3)H(2))(2)), have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and structurally characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction, X-ray powder diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis and thermogravimetric anal...

Recently, dendritic cells (DCs) and DC-tumor cell hybrids (DC-tumor hybrids) have been used for cancer vaccine therapy in a clinical trial. DC-tumor hybrids combine the potent antigen-presenting capacity of DCs with the ability to present all tumor antigens expressed on tumor cells to T cells. We used DC-tumor hybrids as stimulator cells to induce tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) i...

Whole-cell fusion between zebrafish fibroblast-like ZF4 cells and mouse B78 melanoma cells resulted in hybrids containing one or a few zebrafish chromosome segments in a murine chromosomal background. Fluorescence in situ hybridization to hybrid cell metaphases with a zebrafish genomic DNA probe revealed that many hybrids contained zebrafish chromosome segments that were either inserted or tran...

Five early growth characters were examined in six races of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh, their reciprocal F(1) hybrids (1974) and F(1) by tester hybrids, using a seventh race as a paternal tester. Three of the five characters were also examined at two nutrient levels in reciprocal F(1) hybrids (1972) of all seven races. Analyses of F(1) and F(1) by tester hybrids revealed significant materna...

Human somatic cell hybrids were generated from fusions between a tumorigenic B-cell line, and mononuclear cells from a patient with low-grade B-cell lymphoma in which the neoplastic cells largely corresponded to cells at an intermediate stage of differentiation. The resulting hybrids and the parent cells were immunophenotyped, karyotyped and genotyped in an effort to determine whether the stage...