This topic discusses the trade-offs between fixed-frequency pulse-width modulation (PWM) and pulsefrequency modulation (PFM) for portable DC/DC converter applications. PWM converters offer the benefit of predictable operating frequency, which may simplify the design of circuitry that suppresses electromagnetic interference (EMI). They also offer low output ripple characteristics and high effici...

This work shows that the direct PWM output electric signal, with a duty cycle controlled by light intensity, can be obtained using a circuit containing a saw-tooth voltage generator connected in series with a dc voltage source and a metal (semitransparent gate) oxide semiconductor capacitor (MOS-C). The internal PWM signal conversion occurs by the use of non-equilibrium physical processes in th...

Mitogen- and antigen-induced interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) responses of peripheral blood leucocytes from cervids were evaluated by a commercial whole-blood assay. The assay was applied to Mycobacterium bovis-infected white-tailed deer and reindeer, M bovis BCG-vaccinated white-tailed deer and elk, and unvaccinated, uninfected white-tailed deer, fallow deer, elk and reindeer. The responses of the...

This paper proposes a new zero-current-switching (ZCS) pulsewidth modulation (PWM) switch cell that has no additional conduction loss of the main switch. In this cell, the main switch and the auxiliary switch turn on and turn off under zero-current condition. The diodes commutate softly and the reverse-recovery problems are alleviated. The conduction loss and the current stress of the main swit...

The DS1875 features a pulse-width modulation (PWM) controller that can be used to control a DC-DC converter. The DC-DC converter can then be used to generate the high bias voltages necessary for avalanche photodiodes (APDs). This application note describes the operation of a boost converter that uses the DS1875. Discussion covers the selection of the inductor and switching frequency, and the se...

Most of the position weight matrix (PWM) based bioinformatics methods developed to predict transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) assume each nucleotide in the sequence motif contributes independently to the interaction between protein and DNA sequence, usually producing high false positive predictions. The increasing availability of TF enrichment profiles from recent ChIP-Seq methodology fa...

AbspuctThe saturable inductor is employed in the fullbridge (FB) zero-voltage-switched (ZVS) pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) converter to improve its performance. The current and voltage stresses of the switches as well as parasitic oscillations are significantly reduced compared to those of the conventional FBZVS-PWM converter. The qualitative analysis is presented and is verified on a 500 KHz, 5 V...

BACKGROUND Previous studies have focused on weight maintenance following weight loss, i.e. secondary weight maintenance (SWM). The long-term results of SWM have been rather modest and it has been suggested that preventing initial weight gain, i.e. primary weight maintenance (PWM), may be more successful. Therefore, developing a prevention strategy focused on PWM, enabling normal weight or overw...

We have investigated suppressor T-cell activity in female NZB/NZW F1 mice using PWM-driven IgM biosynthesis in vitro as an indicator system. In initial we studied we observed that spleen cells from normal mice (BALB/c, C57BL/6), as well as from young (4 wk) and adult (18 wk) NZB/NZW mice, cultured in the presence of PWM synthesize 860 +/- 120 ng IgM/10(6) cells/7 days. However, when Con A (at 2...

Prediction of gene expression levels driven by regulatory sequences is pivotal in genomic biology. A major focus in transcriptional regulation is sequence-to-expression modeling, which interprets the enhancer sequence based on transcription factor concentrations and DNA binding specificities and predicts precise gene expression levels in varying cellular contexts. Such models largely rely on th...