BACKGROUND Nitrosylcobalamin (NO-Cbl) is a chemotherapeutic pro-drug derived from vitamin B12 that preferentially delivers nitric oxide (NO) to tumor cells, based upon increased receptor expression. NO-Cbl induces Apo2L/TRAIL-mediated apoptosis and inhibits survival signaling in a variety of malignant cell lines. Chemotherapeutic agents often simultaneously induce an apoptotic signal and activa...

Development of convective boundary layer in a uniformly stratified, shear-free atmosphere has been extensively studied experimentally, both in the laboratory and in nature (see, e.g., Deardorff et al. 1980, Boers and Eloranta 1986, Nelson et al. 1989), by means of bulk models of differing complexity (see, e.g., Tennekes 1973, Zilitinkevich 1991, van Zanten et al. 1999, Fedorovich and Mironov 19...

The protein product of the c-Cbl proto-oncogene is prominently tyrosine phosphorylated in response to insulin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and not in 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. After insulin-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation, c-Cbl specifically associates with endogenous c-Crk and Fyn. These results suggest a role for tyrosine-phosphorylated c-Cbl in 3T3-L1 adipocyte activation by insulin. A yeast two-hybrid...

Blood flow can modulate vascular cell functions. We studied interactions between integrins and Flk-1 in transducing the mechanical shear stress due to flow. This application of a step shear stress caused Flk-1. Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (Cbl) activation (Flk-1. Cbl association, tyrosine phosphorylation of the Cbl-bound Flk-1, and tyrosine phosphorylation of Cbl) in bovine aortic endothelial ce...

Addition of ubiquitin or ubiquitin chains to target proteins leads to their mono- or polyubiquitination, respectively. Whereas polyubiquitination targets proteins for degradation, monoubiquitination is thought to regulate receptor internalization and endosomal sorting. Cbl proteins are major ubiquitin ligases that promote ligand-dependent polyubiquitination and degradation of receptor tyrosine ...

The turbulence regime in a quasi-stationary, horizontally evolving, and sheared boundary layer with bottom buoyancy forcing has been studied numerically by means of large eddy simulations (LES) in conjunction with its experimental investigation in a laboratory wind tunnel. The atmospheric prototype of the investigated boundary layer is commonly observed in the earth’s atmosphere during daytime ...

Deficiency in the adaptor protein B cell linker protein (BLNK) results in a substantial but incomplete block in B cell development, suggesting that alternative pathways exist for B lineage differentiation. Another adaptor protein, c-Cbl, plays a negative regulatory role in several BCR-signaling pathways. We therefore investigated the role of c-Cbl during B cell development and addressed the pos...

Eph receptor tyrosine kinases are expressed by T lineage cells, and stimulation with their ligands, the ephrins, has recently been shown to modulate T cell behavior. We show that ephrin-A1 stimulation of Jurkat T cells induces tyrosine phosphorylation of EphA3 receptors and cytoplasmic proteins, including the c-cbl proto-oncogene. Cbl phosphorylation was also observed in peripheral blood T cell...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydroxocobalamin (OH-Cbl) on transformation of high concentrations of carbon tetrachloride (CT) by Acetobacterium woodii (ATCC 29683). Complete transformation of 470 microM (72 mg/liter [aqueous]) CT was achieved by A. woodii within 2.5 days, when 10 microM OH-Cbl was added along with 25.2 mM fructose. This was approximately 30 times fas...