The simplified linguistic relation between syntax and semantics as intrinsic property of classic Arabic motivates a dedicated look at P vs. NP in light of efforts and solutions presented by ancient Araband Muslim scholars to facilitate logicaland mathematical deduction. In Islamic Jurisprudence (Fikh) it has recently been shown [Abdelwahab et al. 2014] that if a formal system expressing Fikh is...

The difficulty of learning depends on the type of task involved. Remembering new terminology is relatively easy, while applying the ideas underlying design decisions shown by example to new problems posed as human tasks is relatively hard. In this short summary, we give you lists at several levels of difficulty of what we expect you to be able to do as a result of the last few weeks of studying...

INTRODUCTION................................................................................... 183 I. THE SPECTRUM REFORM IDEA HAS ITS TIME COME? ..... 188 II. THE CURRENT AGENDA FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS REFORM .................................................................................... 193 III. MAXIMIZING THE POLITICAL ECONOMY ............................. 197 A. The Beginning of a Refo...

Methods ........................... 185 Spontaneous movements ..................... 188 The single contraction ..................... 192 Summation of contractions and tetanus ................ 193 The effect of the constant current .................. 195 The influence of temperature ................... , 199 1. On the tone of the bladder muscle ............... 199 2. On the form of the contracti...

I review the many ways of obtaining information about the CKM matrix through CP violation in the B system. I include direct and indirect CP violation, the role of penguins and isospin analysis, tagging, and B ! DK decays. I also discuss recent developments showing how to use SU (3) avor symmetry, along with some dynamical approximations, to extract from B decays to , K and KK 0 the weak CKM pha...

BACKGROUND Lymphocytic colitis is characterised by chronic diarrhoea and specific microscopic changes in a macroscopically normal colonic mucosa. We report clinical features and treatment outcome in a large patient cohort. METHODS Patients were searched for in 24 Swedish gastroenterology clinics. The biopsy material was reassessed using strict histopathological criteria. Clinical data were ob...

We calculate the Schiff moment of the nucleus 199Hg, created by πNN vertices that are odd under parity (P) and time-reversal (T). Our approach, formulated in diagrammatic perturbation theory with important core-polarization diagrams summed to all orders, gives a close approximation to the expectation value of the Schiff operator in the odd-A Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov ground state generated by a S...

We report on work directed toward the systematic evaluation of an optical frequency standard based on the S1/2–D5/2 transition of a single, laser-cooled, trapped 199Hg+ ion, whose resonance frequency is 1.06 × 1015 Hz. For the purpose of the evaluation, two 199Hg+ standards have been constructed. In the cooling-laser system built for the second standard, an injection-locking scheme has been app...