Overfishing has dramatically depleted sharks and other large predatory fishes worldwide except for a few remote and/or well-protected areas. The islands of Darwin and Wolf in the far north of the Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) are known for their large shark abundance, making them a global scuba diving and conservation hotspot. Here we report quantitative estimates of fish abundance at Darwin a...

We revisit the composability of different forms of zero-knowledge proofs when the honest prover strategy is restricted to be polynomial time (given an appropriate auxiliary input). Our results are: 1. When restricted to efficient provers, the original Goldwasser–Micali– Rackoff (GMR) definition of zero knowledge (STOC ‘85), here called plain zero knowledge, is closed under a constant number of ...

Traditionally, current transformers are often used for current measurement in low voltage (LV) electrical networks. They have a large physical size and are not designed for use with power electronic circuits. Semiconductor-based current sensing devices such as the Hall sensor and Giant Magnetoresistive (GMR) sensor are advantageous in terms of small size, high sensitivity, wide frequency range,...

The physical structure of Co/Cu multilayers, sputtered in different gases ~Ar, Kr, and Xe! together with the domain structures that these films support have been investigated using electron microscopy in an attempt to explain the differences in their measured magnetoresistance ~MR!. Both planar and cross-sectional analyses were undertaken. Due to only partial antiferromagnetic coupling submicro...

A magnetoresistive tactile sensor is reported, which is capable of working in high temperatures up to 140 °C. Hair-like bioinspired structures, known as cilia, made out of permanent magnetic nanocomposite material on top of spin-valve giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensors are used for tactile sensing at high temperatures. The magnetic nanocomposite, consisting of iron nanowires incorporated into...

Time synchronization is an important basic service for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). A lot of time synchronization protocols for WSNs use linear regression to propagate the reference time from hop to hop through the network. State-of-the-art synchronization algorithms use the ordinary least-squares (OLS) regression. Because OLS has properties that are not ideal in the context of multi-hop ti...

Industry continues to reap the benefits of solid state magnetic field sensing. Every day new applications are found for solid state magnetic field sensors due to their small size, low power. And relatively low cost. The new frontier for these solid state sensors is very low magnetic fields; the kinds encountered when looking for geophysical anomalies, either natural or man-made, various physiol...

تأثیر پرتوگیری مزمن بر ساکنین مناطق با پرتوزایی طبیعی بالا در شهر رامسر، استفاده از روش سیتوژنتیک سنجش هستک­های متوقف شده مرحله سیتوکینز و مقایسه­ی نتایج میان دو گروه مورد مطالعه کنترل، بررسی قرار گرفت. نشان داد اختلاف معنی­داری (001/0< P) میانگین فرکانس شمارش لنفوسیت­های خون محیطی (ساکن منطقه­ی بالای رامسر) کنترل تنکابن) وجود دارد. هم­چنین، بعد پرتودهی نمونه­ها، افزایش بیش­تری را هستک­ها نسبت ...

We consider the origins of the spin-dependent scattering which is believed to be responsible for the giant magnetoresistance effect. We argue on the basis of first-principles calculations of the electronic structure, magnetic moments, and electrical resistivities that this spin-dependent scattering originates largely from the tendency of spin-dependent atomic potentials to 'match' in one of the...

Pharmacokinetic exposures to fexofenadine (FEX) are reduced by apple juice (AJ); however, the relationship between the AJ volume and the degree of AJ-FEX interaction has not been understood. In this crossover study, 10 healthy subjects received single doses of FEX 60 mg with different volumes (150, 300, and 600 mL) of AJ or water (control). To identify an AJ volume lacking clinically meaningful...