AIM To elucidate the profile of the salivary proteome. METHODS Unstimulated whole mouth saliva was collected from 30 volunteers [15 proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) patients and 15 controls] and proteins were submitted for mass spectrometry-based proteomics using the discovery approach, followed by analyses of variance and logistic regression tests. RESULTS A total of two hundred a...

Real-time signal processing consumes the majority of the world’s computing power. Increasingly, programmable parallel microprocessors are used to address a wide variety of signal processing applications (e.g. scientific, video, wireless, medical, communication, encoding, radar, sonar and imaging). In programmable systems the major challenge is no longer hardware but software. Specifically, the ...

The history of Panton Valentine leucocidin (PVL), one of the toxins of Staphylococcus aureus, began in 1894, 24 years after Sir Alexander Ogston and Louis Pasteur had reproduced human pyemic infections in mice and rabbits by inoculating pus or pus-derived cultures (11,14). The torch of PVL research was then handed down over the decades between small groups of scientists fascinated by S. aureus ...

Over the last seven years Primary Care establishments in the Royal Navy and Royal Marines have dealt with a number of severe and fatal infections caused by Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) producing Staphylococcus aureus, and appear to be seeing these infections more commonly than their civilian colleagues. This retrospective study looked at the levels of PVL S. aureus isolated in deployed per...

A potential complication of mitral valve replacement surgery is the development of a paravalvular leak (PVL). Percutaneous transcatheter closures of PVLs using a wide array of devices have been reported in the literature, although the procedural success rate of this approach remains variable. One major challenge of transcatheter mitral PVL closure lies in the ability to adequately visualize the...

When the association of paravalvular leak (PVL) and increased mortality was first described in 2012 at the 2-year PARTNER I presentation (1), the transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) community reacted with great concern that this promising technology was beginning to show signs of weakness. Since then, a great deal of data has been reported from multiple registries confirming this asso...

Staphylococcal gamma-hemolysin (Hlg), leukocidin (Luk), and Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) are two-component and hetero-oligomeric pore-forming cytolytic toxins (or cytolysin), that were first identified in bacteria. No information on the existence of hetero-oligomeric pore-forming cytolytic toxins in bacteria except for staphylococcal strains is available so far. Hlg (Hlg1 of 34 kDa/Hlg2 of...

ObjectivesThe impact of very low-level viremia (VLLV) and (LLV) are rarely investigated among people living with HIV (PLWH) receiving dolutegravir- vs protease inhibitor (PI)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART).MethodsVirally suppressed PLWH long-term PI-containing ART were included in this study. The incidences developing VLLV (plasma RNA load (PVL) 20–49 copies/ml), LLV (PVL 50–999 virological...

Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of musculoskeletal infections. Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is an exotoxin produced by S. aureus and is an important virulence factor. PVL-positive S. aureus infections have been associated with soft tissue infections and necrotizing pneumonia. In this case report, the clinical course of a 13-year-old boy who was admitted with right hip pain and feve...

Hansen et al. (1985) described proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) as a distinct entity of leukoplakia, presenting as verrucous, or exophytic lesion with progressive histological changes in sequential biopsies such as hyperkeratosis, different grades of dysplasia, verrucous carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) [1]. In 2005, the WHO defined PVL as a rare subtype of oral leukoplakia...