There is a close connection between Direct Product and XOR lemmas in the sense that in many settings, we can prove one given the other. The known reductions that are used for the above purpose are either in the non-uniform setting or give non-matching parameters. By non-matching parameter we mean that k-wise Direct Product lemma implies k′-wise XOR lemma (and vice versa) for k 6= k′. In this wo...

The dynamics of a generic quantum XOR gate operation involving two interacting qubits being coupled to a bath of quantum harmonic oscillators is explored. By use of the formally exact quasiadiabatic-propagator path-integral methodology we study the time-resolved evolution of this interacting and decohering two-qubit system in presence of time-dependent external fields. The quality of the XOR ga...

In this paper, by employing the logical effort technique an efficient and high-speed VLSI implementation of the digit-serial Gaussian normal basis multiplier is presented. It is constructed by using AND, XOR and XOR tree components. To have a low-cost implementation with low number of transistors, the block of AND gates are implemented by using NAND gates based on the property of the XOR gates ...

MICA/B (the major histocompatibility antigen-related chain A and B) and Rae I are stress-inducible ligands for the immune-receptor NKG2D. Mechanisms by which genotoxic stress and DNA damage induce the expression of NKG2D ligands remain incompletely understood. Here, we report that inhibition of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) activity by allopurinol or inhibition of XOR expression by gene knockdo...

Uric acid is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism in humans. Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) catalyzes oxidative hydroxylation of hypoxanthine to xanthine to uric acid, accompanying the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Uric acid usually forms ions and salts known as urates and acid urates in serum. Clinically, overproduction or under-excretion of uric acid results in the e...

BACKGROUND Inorganic nitrite has shown beneficial effects in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases partly via attenuation of NADPH-oxidase (NOX)-mediated oxidative stress. However, the exact mechanisms are still unclear. Here we investigated the role of S-nitrosation or altered expression of NOX subunits, and the role of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) in nitrite-derived nitric oxide (NO) product...

Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is implicated in cardiac remodeling in heart failure (HF). As xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is 1 of the major sources of ROS, we tested whether XOR inhibition could improve cardiac performance and induce reverse remodeling in a model of established HF, the spontaneously hypertensive/HF (SHHF) rat. We randomized Wistar Kyoto (WKY, controls, 18 t...

One potential direction for improving the performance of SAT solvers is by using a stronger underlying proof system, e.g., [1]. We propose a step in improving the learning architecture of SAT solvers and describe a learning scheme in the polynomial calculus with resolution (PCR), a proof system that generalizes both resolution and Gaussian elimination. The scheme fits the general structure of C...

By using the XOR method to obfuscate response of Arbiter PUFs (APUFs), ability resist machine learning (ML) modeling attacks can be improved, but this will reduce stable PUF a certain extent, making lose usability. In view this, highly APUF (HS-XOR APUF) circuit is proposed by studying generation mechanism unstable bits and screening characteristics logic gates delay signals. First, maximum min...

XOR games are a simple computational model with connections to many areas of complexity theory including interactive proof systems, hardness of approximation, and communication complexity. Perhaps the earliest use of XOR games was in the study of quantum correlations, as an experimentally realizable setup which could demonstrate non-local effects as predicted by quantum mechanics. XOR games als...