We employed Bayesian coalescent modeling of samples of mitochondrial control region sequences in two species of shorebird, Red Knots (Calidris canutus) and Dunlins (Calidris alpina) to estimate evolutionary effective population size, population divergence times, and time to most recent common ancestor of genes in the samples. The gene trees for the two species contrast sharply: knot haplotypes ...

Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) hydrogels were formed by crosslinking of aqueous PEO solutions of IVI = 35 000, 900 000 and 5 000 000 in concentrations of 5-50% using T-irradiation with 3-10 Mrad. The hydrogels were characterized by equilibrium swelling experiments. The average interjunction molecular weight, 1VI c, varied from 3500 to 32 000, whereas the mesh size, ~:, varied from 120 to 550 ,~. Th...

Estimation of pathogen-specific causes of child diarrhea deaths is needed to guide vaccine development and other prevention strategies. We did a systematic review of articles published between 1990 and 2011 reporting at least one of 13 pathogens in children <5 years of age hospitalized with diarrhea. We included 2011 rotavirus data from the Rotavirus Surveillance Network coordinated by WHO. We ...

1The authors thank Trine Poulsen, Annette K. Nielsen, and Kasper B. Poulsen for their skilled technical assistance. The project was fi nancially supported by the Danish Council for Strategic Research (FØSU 2101-07-0111). 2Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Free fatty acids (FFA) are produced in the intestine by microbial fermentation. Recently, a family of G protein-coupled re...

With data spanning over 120 years, the Fishes of Champaign County is a comprehensive, long-term investigation into changing fish communities east-central Illinois. Surveys first occurred in late 1880s (40 sites), with subsequent surveys 1928–1929 (125 1959–1960 (143 and 1987–1988 (141 sites). Between 2012 2015, we resampled 122 sites across County. The combined from these five have produced uni...