In this paper, we study the reliability (error probability) and rate tradeoffs among the receivers in single-antenna block Rayleigh-fading Gaussian broadcast channels. The rate and reliability tradeoffs are quantified through the notions of average multiplexing and diversity gains in the high signal to noise ratio (SNR) regime. Diversity and multiplexing gains that can be simultaneously achieve...

We explore the effects of local ethnic and religious diversity on individual donations to private charities. Using 10-year neighborhood-level panels derived from personal tax records in Canada, we find that diversity has a detrimental effect on charitable donations. A 10 percentage point increase in ethnic diversity reduces donations by 14%, and a 10 percentage point increase in religious diver...

species diversity is one of the important characteristics shows rangeland ecosystems changes, which isalready under effects of management practices. thus, this research was conducted to study speciesdiversity variation and assess suitable distributive abundance model in three rangeland sites in westazerbaijan. these sites were almost similar in environmental properties and differ in view point ...

Influenza has a long history of causing morbidity and mortality in the human population through routine seasonal spread and global pandemics. The high mutation rate of the RNA genome of the influenza virus, combined with assortment of its multiple genomic segments, promote antigenic diversity and new subtypes, allowing the virus to evade vaccines and become resistant to antiviral drugs. There i...

1. Although populations harbour considerable diversity, most ecological studies still assume they are homogeneous. However, mounting evidence suggests that intraspecific diversity is not only common, but also important for interactions with community members. Here, intraspecific variation in Daphnia dentifera in haemoglobin content is shown to be a marker of hypolimnion use. 2. Hypolimnion use ...

Tetrapod biodiversity today is great; over the past 400 Myr since vertebrates moved onto land, global tetrapod diversity has risen exponentially, punctuated by losses during major extinctions. There are links between the total global diversity of tetrapods and the diversity of their ecological roles, yet no one fully understands the interplay of these two aspects of biodiversity and a numerical...

The taxonomic status of Amphinemura palmeni, a rare stonefly from northern Fennoscandia, was re-evaluated in a morphological study combined with analyses of mitochondrial COI and nuclear 28S sequences. Taxon sampling included A. standfussi, with which A. palmeni has been confused, the Nearctic A. linda and seven other Amphinemura species. Amphinemura palmeni is confirmed as a valid species, and...

Labeling diversity is an efficient technique recently proposed in the literature and aims to improve the Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) systems with two transmit and two receive antennas without increasing the transmit power and bandwidth requirements. In this paper, we employ labeling diversity with different space-time channel codes such as convolutiona...

although many studies and excavations at islamic sites have been done, and something position of islamic pottery have been marked, but there is a lot of problem exist in this case like centers of pottery and stylistics diversity. therefore archaeological excavationswith accurate studies can solve very of this problems. in this paper il-khanid pottery from three season archeological excavation a...

This paper presents a method to seamlessly extend the coverage of energy supply field for wireless sensor networks in order to free sensors from wires and batteries, where the multi-point scheme is employed to overcome path-loss attenuation, while the carrier shift diversity is introduced to mitigate the effect of interference between multiple wave sources. As we focus on the energy transmissio...