BACKGROUND Cardiovascular risk functions fail to identify more than 50% of patients who develop cardiovascular disease. This is especially evident in the intermediate-risk patients in which clinical management becomes difficult. Our purpose is to analyze if ankle-brachial index (ABI), measures of arterial stiffness, postprandial glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, self-measured blood pressure and...

BACKGROUND Extracapsular spread (ECS) in cervical lymph node metastases from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is regarded as an adverse prognostic factor and is often used to select patients who may benefit from adjuvant therapy. The prognostic value of ECS was evaluated for patients with oropharyngeal SCC (OPC; with known p16/human papillomavirus [HPV] status) and for patients with ...

Consideration of the question of meaning in the framework of linguistics often requires an allusion to sets and other higher-order notions. The traditional approach to representing and reasoning about meaning in a computational setting has been to use knowledge representation systems that are either based on first-order logic or that use mechanisms whose formal justifications are to be provided...

BACKGROUND Influenza infection causes excess hospitalizations and deaths in younger patients, but susceptibility to severe disease is poorly understood. While mucosal antibodies can limit influenza-associated infection and disease, little is known about acute mucosal antibody responses to influenza infection. OBJECTIVES These studies characterize mucosal antiviral antibody production in child...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The relative merits of treating ruptured aneurysms with clipping versus coiling continue to be a topic of debate. We evaluated a national, multihospital patient data base to examine recent trends in ruptured aneurysm therapies and to compare peri-procedural outcomes between clipping and coiling treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Premier Perspective data base was used...

Published by the IEEE Computer Society 0018-9162/09/$25.00 © 2009 IEEE with a pacemaker, the odds that the device’s manufacturer will recall it or issue a defect warning over a one-year period are about one in 15. For implantable cardioverter defibrillators—more sophisticated devices that can deliver a strong electric shock to avert sudden death—the odds of a warning are even higher: nearly one...

47 JANUARY 2012 Published by the IEEE Computer Society 0018-9162/12/$31.00 © 2012 IEEE The implication puts a new emphasis on the old challenge to software developers: deliver code that is both correct and efficient. The benefits achievable with better system design and implementation are huge. If we can double the efficiency of server software, we can make do with one server farm instead of tw...

Published by the IEEE Computer Society 0018-9162/10/$26.00 © 2010 IEEE Pay-as-you-go utility computing services by companies such as Amazon and new initiatives by Google, IBM, Microsoft, and the National Science Foundation (NSF) have begun to provide applications researchers in areas such as machine learning and scientific computing with access to large-scale cluster resources. However, system...

BACKGROUND Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein family, is detectable in most types of cancer, and its presence is associated with a poor prognosis. We determined the effects of gene-based therapies that inhibit survivin function in a mouse tumor model. METHODS Using five to six mice per treatment group, we injected tumors derived from mouse EL-4 thymic lymphoma cell...

0018-9162/07/$25.00 © 2007 IEEE 62 Computer P u b l i s h e d b y t h e I E E E C o m p u t e r S o c i e t y awareness from the resulting data streams has not kept pace. Sensed-event data is often displayed in relatively raw formats, leaving analysis and interpretation up to human operators, which ultimately is not scalable. This has certainly been the case for computer-security-related instru...