BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients often suffer from gait impairment and fampridine is indicated to medically improve walking ability in this population. Patient characteristics, healthcare resource use, and costs of MS patients on fampridine treatment for 12 months in Germany were analyzed. METHODS A retrospective claims database analysis was conducted including MS patients who init...

The purpose of this study was to assess the adherence to therapy in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS) and to analyze the possible influence of factors such as hospital care and patients socioeconomic status. Two hundred eighty-five patients with RR-MS according to Mc Donald's criteria and naïve disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) naïve were enrolled. Two self-administered ...

BACKGROUND Treatment with MD1003 (high-dose biotin) showed promising results in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) in a pilot open-label study. OBJECTIVE To confirm the efficacy and safety of MD1003 in progressive MS in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. METHODS Patients (n = 154) with a baseline Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score of 4.5-7 and evidence of disease worsenin...

BACKGROUND Epicardial pacing of the left ventricle (LV) has been shown to prolong the QT interval and predispose to the development of torsade de pointes arrhythmias. The present study examines the cellular basis for QT prolongation and arrhythmogenesis after reversal of the direction of activation of the LV wall. METHODS AND RESULTS A transmural ECG and transmembrane action potentials were s...

BACKGROUND The Patient Determined Disease Steps (PDDS) is a promising patient-reported outcome (PRO) of disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). To date, there is limited evidence regarding the validity of PDDS scores, despite its sound conceptual development and broad inclusion in MS research. This study examined the validity of the PDDS based on (1) the association with Expanded Disability Stat...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is believed to be initiated by myelin-reactive CD4(+) Th cells. IL-12-polarized Th1 cells, IL-23-polarized Th17 cells, and Th17 cells that acquire Th1 characteristics were each implicated in autoimmune pathogenesis. It is debated whether Th cells that can drive the development of demyelinating lesions are phenotypically diverse or arise from a single lineage. In the curr...

where E0 is the energy level without any external magnetic field B = B0êz. Again, g denotes the g factor[5]. For induced transitions, the selection rule is ∆ms = ±1. For unpaired electrons, however, this selection rule is observed for all transitions, as S = 12 and, hence, ms ∈ {− 12 , 2}. The previous formulas are based on the assumption that the response of the material on the external magnet...

Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) commonly diagnosed in adults, is being recognized increasingly in children. An estimated 1.7%-5.6% of all patients with MS have clinical symptoms before reaching the age of 18 years. In comparison with adults, the diagnosis of MS in children can be more difficult, being dismissed or misdiagnos...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, which often follows a relapsing-remitting (RR) course with discrete attacks. MS attacks have been associated with upper respiratory infections (URIs), but the specific viruses responsible have not been identified. We studied a cohort of 16 RRMS patients experiencing URI and followed them for clinically ide...

Pigeonpea is an important grain legume, however the genetic transformation of pigeonpea has been very challenging to date. In the present study, we describe a simple protocol for plantlet regeneration via multiple shoot induction from 12-16 day old immature embryos of pigeonpea cultivar ICPL 87 which can be used for efficient transformation. By optimizing the culture medium, we have achieved or...