Effects of chronic ethanol consumption and one day food deprivation on the hepatotoxicity of low dose carbon tetrachloride (CCl4; 0 to 100 ppm inhalation for eight hours) in rats were investigated by using biochemical and histopathological methods. Liver malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were significantly increased by exposure to 5 ppm to 50 ppm CCl4 in ethanol treated rats or by exposure to 25 p...

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of toothpastes containing TiF(4), NaF, and SnF(2) on tooth erosion-abrasion. Bovine enamel and dentin specimens were distributed into 10 groups (n = 12): experimental placebo toothpaste (no F); NaF (1450 ppm F); TiF(4) (1450 ppm F); SnF(2) (1450 ppm F); SnF(2) (1100 ppm F) + NaF (350 ppm F); TiF(4) (1100 ppm F) + NaF (350 ppm F); commercial toothp...

The in situ boundary layer measurement site in Białystok (Poland) has been upgraded with a fully automated observatory for total greenhouse gas column measurements. The automated Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) complements the on-site in situ facilities and FTS solar absorption measurements have been recorded nearly continuously in clear and partially cloudy conditions since March 2009. He...

OBJECTIVES To test the activity of two copper-based biocides, CuAL42 and CuWB50, and benzalkonium chloride against 169 isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pulsotype USA300, a virulent, multiply resistant, widespread clone in the USA. METHODS Tests including MIC, MBC and time-kill studies were performed multiple times. RESULTS The MIC range, MIC(50) and MIC(90) (0....

Introduction GABA detection faces the problem of contamination from co-edited macromolecule signal at 3.0 ppm (MM30) when using the MEGA-PRESS technique [1]. Therefore, direct quantification of GABA by LCModel software [2] yields the sum of GABA and MM30. One of the proposed methods to eliminate MM30 is to alternate the editing pulse between 1.9 ppm and 1.5 ppm, the latter a position symmetric ...

Two samples of "refusal factor" corn, one stored frozen in Minnesota and one stored dry in Indiana since 1972 or 1973, were analyzed for the presence of Fusarium spp. and Fusarium toxins. Both samples were from corn refused by swine in Indiana from 1972 to 1973. Sample FS 808 (stored in Indiana) contained 20 ppm of deoxynivalenol (20 micrograms/g), 16 ppm of 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, 5 ppm of z...

Fischer 344 rats were treated with 0, 100, 500, 2500, or 12,500 ppm di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) in the diet for up to 104 weeks. Blood and urine were analyzed at weeks 26, 52, 78, and 104 from 10 animals per sex per group. Survival was slightly but not statistically reduced for rats receiving 12,500 ppm DEHP. Body weights and food consumption were significantly reduced for rats receiving t...

Nonlethal management alternatives are needed to reduce avian depredation of agricultural crops. Caffeine has promise as an effective, economical, and environmentally safe avian repellent, yet formulation improvements are needed for field applications. We included sodium benzoate in subsequent formulations to enhance the solubility of caffeine. Red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) discrim...