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In this paper we analyze the limiting properties of the estimated parameters in a general class of asymmetric volatility models which are closely related to the traditional exponential GARCH model. The new representation has three main advantages over the traditional EGARCH: (1) It allows a much more flexible rep∗We wish to thank Hira Koul, Timo Terasvirta, Tim Vogelsang and participants at a s...

OBJECTIVES To study the reasons given by junior doctors trained in the United Kingdom for considering leaving UK medicine. DESIGN Analysis of replies to postal questionnaire surveys. SETTING United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS 1326 doctors who qualified in 1999. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Reasons for considering leaving. RESULTS Of 1047 doctors who indicated that they would stay in medicine but no...

In 1899, France Thiercelin had first used the name “Enterocoque” in a published paper (Theircelin et al., 1899). The term Enterococcus derived from their presence in the intestinal tract as a normal flora. Enterococci are gram positive bacteria that typically appear as a pair of oval cocci, the cell are arranged at an angle to each other. The term Enterococcus was used for organism that grows a...

Magnesium production is considered to be one potential source of unintentional persistent organic pollutants (unintentional POPs). However, studies on the emissions of unintentional POPs from magnesium metallurgy are still lacking. Emissions of unintentional POPs, such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs), polychlorinated ...

BACKGROUND Our objective was to assess the impact of screening and identifying methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriers as a single measure in 4 intensive care units (ICUs). METHODS An evaluative study including two 6-month periods was conducted prospectively. The evaluation concerned the hand hygiene compliance (HHC) for contacts with MRSA carriers versus contacts with non...

As an independent complement to previous studies (Weisen et al 2005 Nucl. Fusion 45 L1–4, Weisen et al 2006 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 48 A457–66, Angioni et al 2007 Nucl. Fusion 47 1326–35), density peaking in the JET tokamak was investigated on the dataset, comprising virtually all H-mode experiments performed in 2006–2007. Unlike previous studies, this work focuses on low collisionality da...

We analyze the e ects of trade liberalization on rms' decisions and pro ts in a vertical product di erentiation model with countries which have di erent characteristics. Firms decide product speci cations at the beginning of the game, in which autarky is followed by trade liberalization (whose date is anticipated). Our analysis suggests that a rm located in a large (or rich) country is the like...

This case study deals with the argument of the Galenist author Gregor Horst (1578-1636), Medical Professor at Giessen University, Germany, and later town phyusician in Ulm, in the discussion on how purgatives act. Horst tried to reconcile a number of different opinions within a Galenist framework. His vast erudition enabled him to compare several classical as well as contemporary opinions. He t...