We take seriously a statement of Francis Bacon (1561-1626) that what is he creating no new philosophy, but logic. The demarcation the disciplinary boundaries experimental natural science and logic, ‘the art questioning interpreting nature’, turns out to be key task grandiose reform scientific knowledge initiated by his ‘Novum Organum’, 400-th anniversary which was celebrated in 2020. proposes ‘...

BACKGROUND—Memory performance in older persons can reflect genetic influences on cognitive function and dementing processes. We aimed to identify genetic contributions to verbal declarative memory in a community setting. METHODS—We conducted genome-wide association studies for paragraph or word list delayed recall in 19 cohorts from the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiolo...

A general procedure is described for examining when results of molecular phylogenetic analyses warrant formal revision of taxonomies constructed using morphological characters. We illustrate this procedure with tests of monophyly for four subfamilies in the lizard family Iguanidae using 1561 aligned base positions (838 phylogenetically informative) of mitochondrial DNA sequences, representing c...

In Italy, the surveillance of people with bleeding disorders is based on the National Registry of Congenital Coagulopathies (NRCC) managed by the Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità). The NRCC collects epidemiological and therapeutic data from the 54 Hemophilia Treatment Centers, members of the Italian Association of Hemophilia Centres (AICE). The number of people...

INTRODUCTION Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) helps patients with diabetes mellitus maintain glycemic control. However, few reports exist on whether ambient temperature can influence SMBG values. AIM To investigate the effect of ambient temperature on the association between SMBG and plasma glucose (PG) values. METHODS The study was conducted between 2003 and 2010 in diabetic patient...

Objective—Histamine increases endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production as an endothelium-dependent vasodilator, which acts as a vasoconstrictor in atherosclerotic coronary arteries. To investigate the relation between histamine and NO production in intimal smooth muscle cells (SMCs), we studied the effect of histamine on inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression in the SMCs. Methods and Results—I...

The Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention is a longitudinal observational cohort study enriched with persons with a parental history (PH) of probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. Since late 2001, Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention has enrolled 1561 people at a mean baseline age of 54 years. Participants return for a second visit 4 years after baseline, and subsequent vi...

A new political practice, the 'reason of state', informed the ends and practices of natural study in the late sixteenth century. Informed by the study of the Roman historian Tacitus, political writers gathered 'secrets of empire' from both history and travel. Following the economic reorientation of 'reason of state' by Giovanni Botero (1544-1617), such secrets came to include bodies of useful p...

To evaluate the physiological importance of chloroplastic ascorbate peroxidase (CHLAPX) in the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging system of a euhalophyte, we cloned the CHLAPX of Suaeda salsa (SsCHLAPX) encoding stromal APX (sAPX) and thylakoid-bound APX. The stromal APX of S. salsa (Ss.sAPX) cDNA consists of 1726 nucleotides including an 1137-bp open reading frame (ORF) and encodes 378 a...