Microfracture surgery is a bone marrow stimulation technique for treating cartilage defects and injuriesin the knee. Current methods rely on surgical skill and instrumentation. This study investigates the potential useof laser technology as an alternate means to create the microfracture holes. Lasers investigated in this study include an erbium:YAG laser (λ = 2.94 μm), titanium:sapphire femtose...

Bacteria have remarkably robust cell shape control mechanisms. For example, cell diameter only varies by a few percent across a given population. The bacterial actin homolog, MreB, is necessary for establishment and maintenance of rod shape although the detailed properties of MreB that are important for shape control remained unknown. In this study, we perturb MreB in two ways: by treating cell...

28 We present a model that considers UV-absorbing dissolved organic matter (DOM) to consist 29 of two components (A and B), each with a distinct and constant spectrum. Component A 30 absorbs UV light strongly, and is therefore presumed to possess aromatic chromophores and 31 hydrophobic character, whereas B absorbs weakly and can be assumed hydrophilic. We 32 parameterised the model with dissol...

We combine atomic layer lithography and glancing-angle ion polishing to create wafer-scale metamaterials composed of dense arrays of ultrasmall coaxial nanocavities in gold films. This new fabrication scheme makes it possible to shrink the diameter and increase the packing density of 2 nm-gap coaxial resonators, an extreme subwavelength structure first manufactured via atomic layer lithography,...

We measured the optical absorptance of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors. We found that 200-nm-pitch, 50%-fill-factor devices had an average absorptance of 21% for normally-incident front-illumination of 1.55-microm-wavelength light polarized parallel to the nanowires, and only 10% for perpendicularly-polarized light. We also measured devices with lower fill-factors and narrower ...

A fast, sensitive, automated Fourier transform FT photoluminescence PL spectrometer with tunable excitation has been developed for analyzing carbon nanotube suspensions over a wide spectral range. A commercially available spectrometer was modified by the addition of a tunable excitation source, custom collection optics, and computer software to provide control and automated data collection. The...

The photochemistry of benzophenone ketyl radical in the D1 excited state, BPH(D1), was studied by means of two-color dual-pulse laser flash photolysis (355 and 532 nm) in a room-temperature ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide (Bmim-TFSA), and in methanol. Upon excitation with the 532-nm pulse, BPH(D1) emitted strong fluorescence. The transient absorption ...

The photochemistry of the benzophenone ketyl radical in D(1) excited state, BPH(D(1)), was studied by means of two-color dual-pulse laser flash photolysis (355 and 532 nm) in a room-temperature ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide (Bmim-TFSA), and in methanol. Upon excitation with the 532 nm pulse, BPH(D(1)) emitted strong fluorescence. The transient absor...