introduction and aim: ip-10 molecule is a new biomarker to predict response to treatment in chronic hcv infection. also urine ip-10 has been suggested as a biomarker in other infections. but already, it has low data in urine as well as serum level of ip-10 for hcv infection. the aim of this study was to assess urine and serum level of ip-10 in patients with type 1 and 3a hcv infection. material...

B-1a cells constitutively secrete natural antibody that provides immediate protection against microbial pathogens and functions homeostatically to speed removal of apoptotic cell debris. Although B-1a cells are especially prominent in the peritoneal and pleural cavities, some B-1a cells reside in the spleen. A small subset of splenic B-1a cells in naïve, unimmunized mice express CD138, a recogn...