A number of chemicals, including several organochlorine pesticides, have been identified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Here, the properties of chlorpyrifos (CPY; CAS No. 2921-88-2) and its active metabolite, chlorpyrifos oxon (CPYO; CAS No. 5598-15-2), are assessed relative to criteria for classification of compounds as persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic substances (PBTs). The ma...

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Production, recycling, and elimination of urea are important to maintain nitrogen balance. Adaptation to varying loads of urea due to different protein intake or in renal failure may involve changes in urea transport and may possibly affect urea transporters. In this study, we examined the expression of the UT-B urea transporter in rats fed a low-protein diet (LPD), a high-protein diet (HPD), a...

Sixty-three Friesian heifers were assigned to three different diets (21 per group) of 11 MJ ME per kg DM containing low crude protein (CP, 142 g CP per kg DM) with high rumen protected protein (REP, 270 g REP per kg CP) (diet A), high-CP (183 g CP per kg DM) with low-REP (133 g REP per kg CP) (diet B) and high-CP (182 g CP per kg DM) with high-REP (267 g REP per kg CP) (diet C) to obtain livewe...

BACKGROUND Obesity is a chronic disease that has become one of the most serious health problems in Western society. OBJECTIVE We assessed the long-term effects of an energy-restricted diet combined with 1 or 2 daily meal replacements on body weight and biomarkers of disease risk in 100 obese patients. DESIGN Phase 1 consisted of a 3-mo, prospective, randomized, parallel intervention study o...

Three-hundred and twenty 7-day-old Ross 308-strain broiler chickens were fed diets containing 0 or 125 ppb aflatoxin B 1 (AFB1) from 7 to 28 days of age. Sodium bentonite (0.5%), yeast (Saccharomyces cervisiae) 0.2%, hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) (0.5%), ammonia (0.5%), formycine (0.1%), and toxiban (0.1%) were added to the basal diet, as fed basis to determine the effects of ...

Choline is an important component of the human diet and is required for the endogenous synthesis of choline-containing phospholipids, acetylcholine and betaine. Choline can also be synthesised de novo by the sequential methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine. Vitamins B6, B12 and folate can enhance methylation capacity and therefore could influence choline availability no...

Choline is an important component of the human diet and is required for the endogenous synthesis of choline-containing phospholipids, acetylcholine and betaine. Choline can also be synthesised de novo by the sequential methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine. Vitamins B6, B12 and folate can enhance methylation capacity and therefore could influence choline availability no...