Sources and chemical composition of brown carbon are poorly understood, and even less is known about the mechanisms of its atmospheric transformations. This work presents molecular-level investigations of the reactive compound ketolimononaldehyde (KLA, C9H14O3), a second-generation ozonolysis product of limonene (C10H16), as a potent brown carbon precursor in secondary organic aerosol (SOA) thr...

An perfectly matched layers absorbing boundary condition (PML) with an unsplit field is derived for the acoustic wave equation by introducing the auxiliary variables and their associated partial differential equations. Unlike the conventional split-variable PML which is only weakly well-posed, the unsplit PML is proven to be strongly well-posed. Both the split-field PML (SPML) and the well-pose...

Iran is located in an area with high earthquake risk. There are over 20 active faults with length of 500 km and also densely populated parts of the country have been rendered vulnerable to strong earthquakes. However, existence of eight faults of the main faults of Iran along with at least 18 faults with length of more than 100 km in Kerman province have turned the place into one of the riskies...