This article gives an overview of a normative computational theory of visual receptive fields, by which idealized shapes of early spatial, spatio-chromatic and spatiotemporal receptive fields can be derived in an axiomatic way based on structural properties of the environment in combination with assumptions about the internal structure of a vision system to guarantee consistent handling of imag...

We investigated the receptive language of adolescents and young adults with Down syndrome (n = 25) or fragile X syndrome (n = 19). We were interested in syndrome differences and gender differences within fragile X. Comparison of the syndromes and MA-matched typically developing children (n = 24) revealed that individuals with the syndromes differed in relative achievements across the domains of...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS In the last decade, genomic studies using DNA markers have strongly influenced the current phylogeny of angiosperms. Genome size and ploidy level have contributed to this discussion, being considered important characters in biosystematics, ecology and population biology. Despite the recent increase in studies related to genome size evolution and polyploidy incidence, only a ...

We describe receptive and distributive needle/syringe sharing among injection drug users (IDUs) in Kabul, Afghanistan. In this cross-sectional study, IDUs completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression identified correlates of needle sharing in the last six months. Receptive and distributive sharing in the last six months were reported by 28.2% and 28.7% of participant...

In the isolated goldfish retina, 700 nm background illumination increases the horizontal cell receptive field size, as measured with 565 nm slits of light, but decreases the receptive field size, when measured with 660 nm slits. These background-induced changes in receptive field size are absent when the depolarizing responses in bi- and triphasic horizontal cells are blocked by lowering the [C...

Children with histories of maltreatment and disruptions in care are at elevated risk for impairments in early language development, which contribute to difficulties in other developmental domains across childhood. Given research demonstrating associations between parent responsiveness and children's early language development, we examined whether a parenting intervention administered in infancy...

Spatiotemporal response integration across the neural receptive field (RF) is a general feature of sensory coding and has an important role in shaping responses to naturalistic stimuli. In the primary somatosensory cortex of the rat vibrissa pathway, such integration across the vibrissa array strongly shapes the coding of spatiotemporally distributed deflections. Using a spatiotemporal paired-p...

The lateral intraparietal area (LIP) in the macaque contains a priority-based representation of the visual scene. We previously showed that the mean spike rate of LIP neurons is strongly influenced by spatially wide-ranging surround suppression in a manner that effectively sharpens the priority map. Reducing response variability can also improve the precision of LIP's priority map. We show that...

We tested the hypothesis that receptive field (RF) locations of visual cortex cells maintain a fixed location on the retina and move in space with movements of the eye. Responses to a bar swept across the RF were recorded from 29 neurons in V1 (26) and V2 (3) of alert monkeys while precisely monitoring the eye movements of fixation. There was a tight correlation and a near unity ratio between e...

Little is known about the internal circuitry of the primate lateral intraparietal area (LIP). During two versions of a delayed-saccade task, we found radically different network dynamics beneath similar population average firing patterns. When neurons are not influenced by stimuli outside their receptive fields (RFs), dynamics of the high-dimensional LIP network during slowly varying activity l...