Compared to optimal planners, satisficing planners can solve much harder problems but may produce overly costly and long plans. Plan quality for satisficing planners has become increasingly important. The most recent planning competition IPC-2008 used the cost of the best known plan divided by the cost of the generated plan as an evaluation metric. This paper proposes and evaluates two simple b...

Elizabeth (Beth) Jones reveled in the excitement of scientific discovery and fostered curiosity with steadfast determination. With high standards and rigor, she applied a firm but gentle hand to cultivate the curiosity of generations of students. Inquisitiveness about science and the workings of nature was threaded through her life, unabated, from early childhood. Born in Seattle, Beth spent he...

In this paper, we consider trading with proportional transaction costs as in Schachermayer’s paper of 2004. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for A, the cone of claims attainable from zero endowment, to be closed. Then we show how to define a revised set of trading prices in such a way that firstly, the corresponding cone of claims attainable for zero endowment, Ã, does obey the Fund...

background: in order to extend hbv immunization to twenty-five-year old adolescents, ministry of health and medical education (moh & me) in iran has decided to implement hbv mass vaccination campaign for adolescents who were born from 1989 to 1992. the first three-round campaign covering 1989 born adolescents was implemented in 2007 in iran. this study was conducted for cost estimation and anal...

MEDLINE (1950 to August 2008), EMBASE (1988 to August 2008), PsycInfo (1985 to 2008) and Cochrane Reviews were searched using the search index terms of ‘day care’ or ‘child day care centres’, and were combined with either ‘child development’ or ‘costs and cost analysis/or cost allocation/or health care costs’. The literature search was limited to human studies and English language articles. In ...