Optogenetics provides a unique approach to remotely manipulate brain activity with light. Reaching the degree of spatiotemporal control necessary to dissect the role of individual cells in neuronal networks, some of which reside deep in the brain, requires joint progress in opsin engineering and light sculpting methods. Here we investigate for the first time two-photon stimulation of the red-sh...

We consider space and time dependent fuzzy spheres S 2p arising in D1 − D(2p + 1) intersections in IIB string theory and collapsing D(2p)-branes in IIA string theory. In the case of S 2 , where the periodic space and time-dependent solutions can be described by Jacobi elliptic functions, there is a duality of the form r to 1 r which relates the space and time dependent solutions. This duality i...

A large enhancement of the x-ray magnetic circular dichroism is observed at the iron K absorption preedge of magnetite. This is achieved by performing resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) experiments with a 2p hole in the final state of the second-order optical process. We measured and calculated the full 1s2p RIXS planes for opposite helicities of the incoming circularly polarized x rays...

We develop the Glauber theory description of initial-and final-state interactions (IFSI) in quasielastic A(p, 2p) scattering. We study the IFSI-distortion effects both for the inclusive and exclusive conditions. In inclusive reaction the important new effect is an interaction between the two sets of the trajectories which enter the calculation of IFSI-distorted one-body density matrix for inclu...

Recent developments have made two-party secure function evaluation (2P-SFE) vastly more efficient. However, due to extensive use of cryptographic operations, these protocols remain too slow for practical use by most applications. The introduction of Intel’s Software Guard Extensions (SGX), which provide an environment for the isolated execution of code and handling of data, offers an opportunit...

Two-photon (2P) microscopy is a high resolution imaging technique that has been broadly adapted by biologists. The value of 2P microscopy is that it provides rich spatiotemporal information regarding cell behaviors within intact tissues and in live mice. Leukocyte recruitment plays a significant role in host defense against infection and when unchecked, can contribute to inflammatory and autoim...

Triggering physiological responses with a light switch has become reality the development of smart molecular probes such as photolabile protecting groups (PPGs), able to “uncage” biological ligands on demand. To make virtually harmless and confine excitation single-cell level, caged can be released using two-photon (2P) absorption 2P microscopy red/infrared light. This exceptional level precisi...

The symplectic Stiefel manifold, denoted by ${Sp}(2p,2n)$, is the set of linear maps between standard spaces $\mathbb{R}^{2p}$ and $\mathbb{R}^{2n}$. When $p=n$, it reduces to well-known $2n\times 2n$ matrices. Optimization problems on ${Sp}(2p,2n)$ find applications in various areas, such as optics, quantum physics, numerical algebra, model order reduction dynamical systems. purpose this paper...

We employ the fact that certain divided differences can be written as weighted means of B-splines and hence are positive. These include complete homogeneous symmetric polynomials even degree 2p, positivity which is a classical result by D.B. Hunter. extend Hunter's to fractional degree, defined via Jacobi's bialternant formula. show in particular these have positive real part for degrees ? with...