Our principal goal, in this section, is to quickly review the basic ideas and concepts of probability theory. For additional background and examples, please consult the text used for your prerequisite probability class and/or the following books: 1 What is Stochastic Modeling? Stochastic modeling concerns the use of probability to model real-world situations in which uncertainty is present. Sin...

This paper first represent the basic conceptions of anonymous communication, then introduce the fundamentals in Anonymous Communication. Afterwards, we went deep to the classification of anonymous network topological, therefore we could get a better understanding on P2P anonymous communication system. We also systematically analyzes the existing node-select algorithms. Furthermore, we propose a...

The main goal of this paper is to introduce and study a new class of function via the notions of $e$-$theta$-open sets and $e$-$theta$-closure operator which are defined by Özkoç and Aslım [10] called weakly $eR$-open functions and $e$-$theta$-open functions. Moreover, we investigate not only some of their basic properties but also their relationships with other types of already existing topolo...

This paper presents an improved Laplacian smoothing approach (ILSA) to optimize surface meshes while maintaining the essential characteristics of the discrete surfaces. The approach first detects feature nodes of a mesh using a simple method, and then moves its adjustable or free node to a new position, which is found by first computing an optimal displacement of the node and then projecting it...

Abstract-The extensions of Reissner’s two-field (stress and displacement) principle to the cases wherein the displacement field is discontinuous and/or the stress field results in unreciprocated tractions, at a finite number of surfaces (“interelement boundaries”) in a domain (as, for instance, when the domain is discretized into finite elements), is considered. The conditions for the existence...

In a previous paper (Kim and Bathe, 2013) [1], we introduced a scheme to improve finite element displacement and stress solutions by the use of interpolation covers. In the present paper we show how the scheme can be used to automatically improve finite element solutions. As in Ref. (Kim and Bathe, 2013) [1], we focus on the use of the low-order finite elements for the analysis of solids, namel...

In this paper we focus on the interaction between exogenous network structure and bargaining behavior in a laboratory experiment. Our main question is how competition and cooperation interact in bargaining environments based on networked versions of the investment game. We focus on 3-node networked markets and vary the network structure to model competition upstream— multiple sellers paired wit...

Ultrasound elastography has been widely applied in clinical diagnosis. To produce high-quality elastograms, displacement estimation is important to generate ne displacement map from the original ratio-frequency signals. Traditional displacement estimation methods are based on the local information of signals pair, such as cross-correlation method, phase zero estimation. However, the tissue move...

Summary This work presents variational concepts associated with reduced Trefftz type approaches and discusses the interrelationship between various concepts of the displacement, hybrid and Trefftz methods. The basic concept of the displacement version of the reduced Trefftz method operates on the natural boundary conditions enforced in an integral form whereas the stress version of the reduced ...