R. Marcen, Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Ramon Y Cajal, Ctra Colmenar Viejo, Km 9.1, E-28034 Madrid (Spain) Dear Sir, In a previous double-blind short-term study [1], we observed the beneficial effects of cool dialysate on hemo-dialysis-induced symptoms in a group of selected patients with frequent episodes of symptomatic hypotension (SH). Later on, those results were confirmed when using co...

OBJECTIVE Although mindfulness meditation (MM) is increasingly used for chronic pain treatment, limited evidence supports its clinical application for opioid-treated chronic low back pain (CLBP). The goal of this study was to determine feasibility, acceptability, and safety of an MM-based intervention in patients with CLBP requiring daily opioid therapy. DESIGN 26-week pilot randomized contro...

In a recently published clinical trial, 32 tinnitus patients underwent 10 sessions of active 1 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)-2000 pulses per session. The control group consisted of 32 tinnitus patients who underwent 10 sessions of placebo (or “sham”) 1 Hz rTMS. When participants completed all of the follow-up assessments (26 weeks after the last rTMS session), those in ...

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of Pilates exercise on static and dynamic balance in chronic stroke patients. [Subjects and Methods] Nineteen individuals with unilateral chronic hemiparetic stroke (age, 64.7 ± 6.9 years; height, 161.7 ± 7.9 cm; weight, 67.0 ± 11.1 kg) were randomly allocated to either a Pilates exercise group (PG, n=10) or a control group (CG, n=9...

Rhesus monkeys self-administered ethanol intravenously during daily, 3-h sessions. When ethanol-reinforced responding was stable and ethanol intake was in the range of 2.6-3.6 g/kg/3 h, physiological dependence to ethanol was induced by daily passive infusions of additional ethanol. In less than 1 week, mild to moderate withdrawal signs were observed prior to daily sessions. Ethanol intake was ...

introduction: the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of aerobic exercise on brain natriuretic peptide (bnp) and c-reactive protein (crp) levels in women with cardiovascular diseases. materials and methods: in this semi experimental study, thirty female patients with at least one coronary artery stenosis (more than70%) were chosen and divided into two groups of aerobic training (n=15)...

Opioid drugs and our brain’s endogenous opioids work primarily at mu-type opioid receptors ( R) to dampen pain signals. But because the R is expressed throughout the brain and body, R agonists can cause side effects ranging from constipation to addiction. The related delta-type opioid receptor ( R), in contrast, has more limited expression, but it is found in nociceptive sensory neurons, making...

Most neurons in the external segment of the globus pallidus (GPe) contribute to the indirect pathway from the dorsal striatum to the output nuclei of the basal ganglia, relaying information from the striatum to the subthalamic nucleus. But 25% of GPe neurons project back to the striatum. These neurons, called arkypallidal neurons, were recently proposed to cancel movements that are in the prepa...

the purpose of this research was to compare block, random and randomized block training on the acquisition, retention and transfer of volleyball serves. for this purpose, 34 students of shomal university were selected randomly and after primary rules of volleyball were explained and instructed and pretest was performed, they were divided into 3 groups (block, random and randomized block trainin...