We investigate general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations (GRMHD) to determine the physical origin of twisty patterns linear polarization seen in spatially resolved black hole images and explain their morphological dependence on spin. By characterising observed emission with a simple analytic ring model, we find that morphology is determined by magnetic field structure emitting region...

The T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires of cytotoxic responses to the immunodominant and subdominant HLA A11-restricted epitopes in the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen-4 were investigated in four healthy virus carriers. The response to the subdominant epitope (EBNA4 399-408, designated AVF) was highly restricted with conserved Vbeta usage and identical length and amino acid motifs in the...

I discuss the importance of the electromagnetic penguin (EMP) contribution to 8. I confirm the corrections to earlier calculations found by Buras and Gerard (BG). Incorporating these corrections, I calculate the Wilson coefficients of the EMP operators using the full anomalous dimension matrices, and also using the large N (number of colors) approach of BG. I disagree with BG on the coefficient...

Immunization of mice with tumors genetically engineered to express the B7 costimulatory molecules amplifies the antitumor immune response mediated by CD8+ cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL). In this report, we examined the effect of B7-CD28 costimulation on the hierarchy of tumor epitopes. Using a combination of affinity chromatography/reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography and CTL cl...

Following antigenic challenge, MHC-restricted T cell responses are directed against a few dominant antigenic epitopes. Here, evidence is provided demonstrating the importance of APC in modulating the hierarchy of MHC class II-restricted T cell responses. Biochemical analysis of class II:peptide complexes in B cells revealed the presentation of a hierarchy of peptides derived from the Ig self Ag...

Ergodicity coefficients for stochastic matrices determine inclusion regions for subdominant eigenvalues; estimate the sensitivity of the stationary distribution to changes in the matrix; and bound the convergence rate of methods for computing the stationary distribution. We survey results for ergodicity coefficients that are defined by p-norms, for stochastic matrices as well as for general rea...

To investigate the mechanism of selection of individual human CD8+ T cell clones into long-term memory following primary infection with a persistent human virus (human CMV (HCMV)), we undertook a longitudinal analysis of the diversity of T cell clones directed toward an immunodominant viral epitope: we followed this longitudinally from early T cell expansion through the contraction phase and se...