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Methods: In this cross-sectional practice-based study, the clinic records of 1109 school-aged children (mean age and standard deviation 14.39 ± 3.39 years) were analysed. The sample comprised 427 (38.5%) male and 682 (61.5%) female patients between the ages of 6 and 19 years. Refractive errors were classified into various types, and the association between these refractive types and symptoms in...

Trypanosoma brucei switches between variant surface glycoproteins (VSGs) allowing immune escape. The active VSG is in one of many telomeric bloodstream form VSG expression sites (BESs), also containing expression site-associated genes (ESAGs) involved in host adaptation. The role of BES sequence diversity in parasite virulence can best be understood through analysis of the full repertoire of BE...

BACKGROUND Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), has recently been reported as a mediator of renal fibrosis. However, serum HE4 levels appear in a large number of patient samples with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and the relationship of these levels to disease severity and renal fibrosis is unknown. METHODS In 427 patients at different stages of CKD excluding gynecologic cancer and 173 healthy s...

Neospora caninum is now recognized as a major cause of abortion in cattle worldwide, but there is no report of N. caninum infection in cattle in India. Serum samples from 427 dairy cattle and 32 dairy water buffaloes from 7 organized dairy farms located in Punjab, India, were tested for N. caninum antibodies using a commercial monoclonal antibody-based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent as...

INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 417 A Leishmania Primer ............................................................................ 418 The Leishmania Genome and Circular DNAs ............................................... 419 MULTIPLE MECHANISMS OF DRUG RESISTANCE ...................................... 420 GENES AMPLIFIED IN ...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to evaluate the nature and frequency of incidental findings in large-field maxillofacial cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS A total of 427 consecutive CBCT radiologic reports obtained for orthodontic purposes were retrospectively reviewed. Findings were summarized and categorized into six anatomic categories. RESULTS A total of 842 incidental f...

BACKGROUND/AIM There are limited studies on genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of norovirus in Turkey, and this has not previously been studied in the Eastern Anatolia region. The aim of the present study was to determine the norovirus profile in this region with genotyping and phylogenetic analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Included in the study were stool samples obtained from 427 people fro...