have been several attempts to develop an artificial bladder. To a large extent appropriate results for the use of alloplastic materials have been mentioned in lectures, but have not been published so far. The reason for this was, on the one hand, the lack of development of suitable materials, and on the other a lack of ideas for realistic, active concepts. As a clinical user of bladder substitu...

Klinefelter syndrome (KS) describes the phenotype of the most common sex chromosome abnormality in humans and occurs in one of every 600 newborn males. The typical symptoms are a tall stature, narrow shoulders, broad hips, sparse body hair, gynecomastia, small testes, absent spermatogenesis, normal to moderately reduced Leydig cell function, increased secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone, ...