Abstract Piezoelectricity in native bones has been well recognized as the key factor bone regeneration. Thus, bio-piezoelectric materials have gained substantial attention repairing damaged by mimicking tissue’s electrical microenvironment (EM). However, traditional manufacturing strategies still encounter limitations creating personalized scaffolds, hindering their clinical applications. Three...

This research investigates the communication barriers between designers and engineers in designing 4D Printing parts. We have proposed a conceptual design framework for symbols as tool. Then, we recruited sixty-fifty who participated our online experiments. The focus of survey is to find out how understand reciprocal by using symbols. Our results showed that 85% participants could correctly. st...

4D polymer micropatterning – where the position (x,y), height (z), and monomer composition of each feature in a brush polymer array is controlled with sub-1 micrometer precision – is achieved by combining a mobile, massively parallel flow-through photoreactor with thiol-acrylate photoinitiated brush polymerizations. Polymers are grown off the surface by introducing monomer, photoinitiator, and ...

In 4D printing, structures with gradients in physical properties are 3D printed order to dramatically increase deformation. For example, printing bilayer passive and active layers has been proposed, however, these methods have the disadvantages that material of each layer is mixed, modeling process complicated. Herein, we present a method creating gradient gels different degrees polymerization ...

the aims of this study were to determine hippuric acid and toluene in urine samples, airborne toluene levels, health effects, and to describe any correlation between specimen samples. seventy-five printing workers exposed to toluene at work (exposed group), and 60 nonexposed people (control group) were studied. study participants were selected from same factories in the different positions. uri...

Additive manufacturing (AM) of functional parts using smart materials has attracted considerable interest in both scientific and industrial domains. The application shape memory polymers (SMPs) opens up new possibilities the fabrication process makes them able to recover their initial after deformation. This study aims demonstrate synergic potentiality SMPs fused filament (FFF) manufacture 4D p...

In our study, we investigated the additive manufacturing (AM) of ceramic-based functionally graded materials (FGM) by the direct AM technology thermoplastic 3D printing (T3DP). Zirconia components with varying microstructures were additively manufactured by using thermoplastic suspensions with different contents of pore-forming agents (PFA), which were co-sintered defect-free. Different materia...

4D Bioprinting For bioprinting of living tissues, in article number 2109394, Eben Alsberg and co-workers devise a cell-laden bioink featuring high-resolution printing, physiological-trigger-enabled shape morphing, long-term cell viability function. With this system, they demonstrate that the printed cell-rich bioconstructs can exert multidirectional reshaping controlled manner transform develop...