TGFb signaling is known to play a central role in tumor biology, via inducing and/or enhancing tumor cell growth and differentiation, modulating the extracellular matrix in the stroma, inducing epithelial to mesenchymal transition, modulating angiogenesis, and inhibiting immune surveillance and anti-tumor immunity. Galunisertib is a pharmacological inhibitor of the TGFb pathway which acts by in...

Metastases to the breast from extramammary malignancies are rare. We report a case of metastasis to the breast from a colonic adenocarcinoma in a 50-year-old man who was 6 years status after a right hemicolectomy for T3N1M1 adenocarcinoma of the ascending colon. Sonographic evaluation of the right breast lump showed a hypoechoic mass with slightly irregular margins, but there was no internal va...

The mouse breast cancer cell lines 4T1, 4T07, and 67NR are highly tumorigenic but vary in metastatic potential: 4T1 widely disseminates, resulting in secondary tumors in the lung, liver, bone, and brain; 4T07 spreads to the lung and liver but is unable to establish metastatic nodules; 67NR is unable to metastasize. The Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa interacting protein-3 (Bnip-3) was recently show...

Duodenal adenocarcinoma, a very rare malignant gastrointestinal tumor, mainly metastasizes via the lymphatic system. Metastases from duodenal adenocarcinomas to the breast are very uncommon. A 31-year-old woman presented at our department with a left breast tumor. She had a past medical history of duodenal adenocarcinoma. Physical examination on admission confirmed a 2.5-cm-diameter tumor in th...

PURPOSE To determine whether inhibition of TGFβ signaling prior to irradiation sensitizes human and murine cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN TGFβ-mediated growth and Smad phosphorylation of MCF7, Hs578T, MDA-MB-231, and T47D human breast cancer cell lines were examined and correlated with clonogenic survival following graded radiation doses with and without pretreatment w...

Purpose: To determine whether inhibition of TGFb signaling prior to irradiation sensitizes human and murine cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Experimental Design: TGFb-mediated growth and Smad phosphorylation of MCF7, Hs578T, MDAMB-231, and T47D human breast cancer cell lines were examined and correlated with clonogenic survival following graded radiation doses with and without pretreatment wi...

Berberine (BBR) has been used for the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections and also for cancer-associated symptoms such as diarrhea. Furthermore, it has been reported that BBR may have direct antitumor effects. Although evidence supports the theory that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising candidate for treating cancer, its usage may be li...

mucinous carcinoma of the breast is a well-differentiated type of adenocarcinoma accounting for 2-5% of all breast cancers. pure mucinous carcinoma of the breast has a favorable prognosis, usually seen in post-menopausal women. neuroendocrine differentiation has been described in both in-situ and infiltrating breast cancers .mucinous carcinomas of the breast appear to have the greatest associat...

Metastatic progression is the major cause of breast cancer-related mortality. By examining multiple syngeneic preclinical breast cancer models in mice lacking a functional type-I interferon receptor (Ifnar1(-/-) mice), we show that host-derived type-I interferon (IFN) signaling is a critical determinant of metastatic spread that is independent of primary tumor growth. In particular, we show tha...