Different vegetation types can generate variation in microclimates at local scales, potentially buffering species from adverse climates. To determine if species could respond to such microclimates under climatic warming, we evaluated whether ectothermic species (butterflies) can exploit favourable microclimates and alter their use of different habitats in response to year-to-year variation in c...

This longitudinal study examines whether family processes (family cohesion and family conflict) mediate the relationship between family separation experiences and the development of peer relationships (quality and conflict). The study includes a sample of 199 early adolescent Latinos from immigrant families. Family conflict mediated the relationship between separation experiences from fathers a...

ABSTRACT The frequency of sexual reproduction has a profound effect on the population structure and the adaptive potential of a facultatively sexual parasite. Little is known about the relationship of quantitative host resistance to the frequency of sex in pathogens. We sampled over 5,000 fungal fruiting bodies from eight different wheat cultivars over a 3-year period. The cultivars possessed v...

I argue that when we use ‘probability’ language in epistemic contexts—e.g., ask how probable some hypothesis is, given the evidence available to us—we are talking about degrees of support, rather than belief. The probability A B is mind-independent degree which supports A, not someone with as their believes or would should believe if they had evidence. My central argument degree-of-support inte...

The hierarchy of separation axioms that is familiar from topological spaces generalizes to spaces with an isotone and expansive closure function. Neither additivity nor idempotence of the closure function must be assumed.

Moored current meter, sea level, hydrographic, and surface drifter measurements show the large changes that took place in the eastern tropical Pacific during the onset of the warm episode of 1982. In August the near-surface flow at 0 degrees , 110 degrees W reversed direction to eastward. By October the sea surface temperature in the equatorial zone increased by 5 degrees Celsius above the long...