MCCARTHY, L. E., AND H. L. BORISON. Respiratory mechanics of vornitiq ilz &cerebrate cats. Am. J. Physiol. 226(3) : 738-743. 1974.-Observations were made on the changes in thoracic venous pressure, abdominal venous pressure, and arterial blood pressure associated with vomiting induced by veratrum alkaloids (50-150 lug; kg, im). Tracheal and intrapleural pressures were also examined for comparis...

Hypotension in cat abdominal viscera, especially the pancreas, produced substantial elevations of arterial pressure and heart rate even in the presence of intact sinoaortic receptors. Elevation of pressure in the distribution of the superior mesenteric artery had the reverse, effect. When viewed in the light of the neurophysiologie data of Gammon and Bronk, it would appear that these sites make...

Microinjections of D,L-homocysteic acid (DLH) were used to test the hypothesis that neuronal activation within the Botzinger complex area can modify the spatiotemporal characteristics of the cough reflex in 17 spontaneously breathing pentobarbitone anesthetized cats. DLH (50 mM, 1.25-1.75 nmol, 9 cats) reduced the number (P<0.01) of coughs and expiratory amplitude of abdominal electromyographic...

Introduction: This randomized, double-blind, prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of magnesium sulphate in attenuating the stress responses associated with laparoscopic abdominal surgeries. Methods: 62 patients who underwent laparoscopic abdominal surgery were randomly divided in to two groups, group I and group II. 5 minutes after intubation but before creation of pneumoperi...

The effects of increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) on cardiovascular function are well recognized and include a combined negative effect on preload, afterload and contractility. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on this topic. The presence of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) erroneously increases barometric filling pressures like central venous (CVP) and pulmon...

Dynamic variables of fluid responsiveness are useful guides for fluid management in patients under controlled positive pressure ventilation. In the previous issue of Critical Care, Jacques and colleagues show that these variables remain reliable predictors of fluid responsiveness in a porcine model of intra-abdominal hypertension, but threshold values are higher than during normal intra-abdomin...

The diagnosis of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) or abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is heavily dependant on the reproducibility of the intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) measurement technique. Recent studies have shown that a clinical estimation of IAP by abdominal girth or by examiner’s feel of the tenseness of the abdomen is far from accurate, with a sensitivity of around 40%. Consequentl...

Appropriate open abdomen treatment is one of the key elements in the management of patients who require decompressive laparotomy or in whom the abdomen is left open prophylactically. Apart from fluid control and protection from external injury, fluid evacuation and facilitation of early closure are now the goals of open abdomen treatment. Abdominal negative pressure therapy has emerged as the m...

Only 18 or 83 patients who had had a cardiomyotomy for achalasia could be induced to reflux barium. Mucosal herniation through the myotomy was shown in most by radiography. Perfusion manometry showed a higher pressure zone in the oesophagogastric junction region in 22 of 24 patients studied. This high pressure zone responded to an increment in abdominal pressure by a greater increment. The same...

OBJECTIVE The diagnosis and management of intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome have changed significantly over the past decade with improved understanding of the pathophysiology and appropriate treatment of these disease processes. Serial intra-abdominal pressure measurements, nonoperative pressure-reducing interventions, and early abdominal decompression for refracto...