CTT is best suited for traditional testing situations, either in group or individual settings, in which all the members of a target population, e.g., persons seeking college admission, are administered the same or parallel sets of test items. These item sets can be presented to the examinee in either a paper-and-pencil or a computer format. Regardless of format, it is important for the measurem...

This paper presents a comparative study between three versions of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) algorithms and a pseudo-forward equation (PFE) to characterize the North Sea reservoir (F3 block) based on seismic data. According to the statistical studies, four attributes (energy, envelope, spectral decomposition and similarity) are known to be useful as fundamental attributes in ...

Examining the effect of high-stakes tests on learners’ perceptions has been one of the strands of washback-related research. The present study purported to investigate the washback effect of the English section of the Iranian National University Entrance Exam (henceforth INUEE) on the pre-university students’ perceptions about the high-stakes test. The participants of the study were 218 female ...

In two dimensions, vorticity is materially conserved in an invisicid environment. Additionally, if the fluid is nondivergent, the velocity field can be determined from a solution to the Poisson equation relating velocity and vorticity. Vortex methods translate these well-known facts as well as the ability to capture the time evolution of Lagrangian particles into a method of representing the fl...

Standardized measures of intelligence, ability, or achievement are all measures of acquired knowledge and skill and have consistent relationships with multiple facets of success in life, including academic and job performance. Five persistent beliefs about ability tests have developed, including: (a) that there is no relationship with important outcomes like creativity or leadership, (b) that t...

In this paper, empirical prior information is introduced in computer adaptive testing. Despite its increasing use, the method suffers from a weak measurement precision, especially under particular conditions. Therefore, it is shown how the inclusion of background variables both in the initialization and the ability estimation is able to improve the accuracy of ability estimates. In particular, ...

A well-known puzzle in the international finance literature is that a random walk predicts exchange rates better than economic models (Meese and Rogoff, 1983a,b and 1988). This paper offers a potential explanation for this finding. When exchange rates and fundamentals are highly persistent, long-horizon forecasts of economic models are asymptotically biased by the estimation error in the parame...

Problem Statement: Learning-teaching activities bring along the need to determine whether they achieve their goals. Thus, multiple choice tests addressing the same set of questions to all are frequently used. However, this traditional assessment and evaluation form contrasts with modern education, where individual learning characteristics are featured. Hence, the use of Computerized Adaptive Te...

Social communication relies on intentional control of emotional expression. Its variability across cultures suggests important roles for imitation in developing control over enactment of subtly different facial expressions and therefore skills in emotional communication. Both empathy and the imitation of an emotionally communicative expression may rely on a capacity to share both the experience...