OBJECTIVES The aim of this paper is to estimate the impact of smoking and alcohol use on the increase in social inequality in mortality in Denmark in the period 1985-2009. DESIGN A nationwide register-based study. SETTING Denmark. PARTICIPANTS The whole Danish population aged 30 years or more in the period 1985-2009. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome is mortalit...

BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity increased dramatically in many European countries in the past decades. Whether the increase occurred to the same extent in all socioeconomic groups is less known. We systematically assessed and compared the trends in educational inequalities in obesity in 15 different European countries between 1990 and 2010. METHODS Nationally representative survey data f...

BACKGROUND European comparative studies documented a clear North-South divide in socioeconomic inequalities with cancer being the most important contributor to inequalities in total mortality among middle aged men in Latin Europe (France, Spain, Portugal, Italy). The aim of this paper is to investigate educational inequalities in mortality by gender, age and causes of death in France, with a sp...

OBJECTIVES To determine the extent to which educational inequalities in relation to mortality widened in Norway during 1960-2000 and which causes of death were the main drivers of this disparity. DESIGN Nationally representative prospective study. SETTING Four cohorts of the Norwegian population aged 45-64 years in 1960, 1970, 1980, and 1990 and followed up for mortality over 10 years. PA...

BACKGROUND The alpha-actinin-3 (ACTN3) R577X polymorphism has been associated with muscle power performance in cross-sectional studies. METHODS We examined baseline knee extensor concentric peak power (PP) and PP change with approximately 10 weeks of unilateral knee extensor strength training (ST) using air-powered resistance machines in 71 older men (65 [standard deviation = 8] years) and 86...

A subunit antigenoid vaccine, Ac NFU1 (S-) MRC 5, was used in patients who had had a clinical episode of herpes genitalis. The rate of recurrence was compared with that in unvaccinated patients to determine the efficacy of vaccination in preventing recurrence and spread of the virus in the community. Seven of 22 (31%) vaccinated patients had eight recurrences after the initial clinical episode;...

the main purpose of this essay is to review and criticize the paper published earlier in this journal, logical study, titled ‘the paradox of the informing from absolute unknown: analyzing the concept of information’ written by sharifzadeh and hodjati. in spite of having some useful points, the paper is, in several aspects, problematic. we review and criticize respectively such problematic point...

BACKGROUND Resources for coronary revascularisations have increased substantially since the early 1990s in Finland. At the same time, ischaemic heart disease (IHD) mortality has decreased markedly. This study aims to examine how these changes have influenced trends in absolute and relative differences between socioeconomic groups in revascularisations and age group differences in them using IHD...