This paper reviews the literature to determine the importance of the dermal route of exposure for swimmers and bathers using Great Lakes waters and summarizes the chemical water contaminants of concern in the Great Lakes along with relevant dermal absorption data. We detail in vivo and in vitro methods of quantifying the degree of dermal absorption and discuss a preference for infinite dose dat...

Taurine is involved in various physiological processes, and one of the most abundant amino acids in human. The aim was to investigate the mechanism for intestinal absorption of taurine in vivo using also in vitro mechanistic studies. Taurine absorption was measured in male Sprague-Dawley rats at 10-997 mg/kg and 1-30 mg/kg for oral and intravenous administration, respectively. Oral absorption w...

While studying the factors affecting the absorption of mineral elements by plants, the writer showed that the hydrogen-ion concentration of the medium affects the absorption of potassium and phosphorus by wheat seedlings grown in water cultures. (4) ^ More phosphorus was absorbed from potassium phosphate solutions with initial pH values of 5.0 and below than from those with pH values of 6.0 and...

Vagal stimulation induced by sham feeding in 11 healthy subjects was used to examine the possibility that the autonomic nervous system might be involved in the control of human jejunal absorption. Gastric acid secretion was measured from gastric aspirates corrected for recovery, and jejunal absorption was determined using a triple lumen perfusion technique. Sham feeding induced a significant in...

The authors focus iron intake regulation in the body and the probable mechanisms related to iron absorption. They analyze the impact of iron absorption deficiency resulting in iron deficiency anemia, a public health issue of great impact in the world influencing child and maternal health risk increase. This paper aims at highlighting the problems affecting the uptake or inhibiting processes of ...

OBJECTIVE To study the bioavailibility of nonheme iron from standard and test meals in Pakistani adults and to determine iron absorption using extrinsically tagged iron 59Fe. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Nonheme iron absorption was measured from standard and test meals in ten healthy individuals. Total calories, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, ascorbic acid, total iron, phytate and ascorbic acid conte...

Among abiotic stresses, drought influences plant growth and productivity, stress responses depend on intensity genotype. The effects of simulated germination parameters were tested for tolerance sensitivity in 59 barley accessions from all regions Iraq phenotypic, physiological, biochemical associated with investigated. Stress treatments polyethylene glycol (PEG) reduced the rate dramatically d...

Soft X-ray microscopy is a powerful tool for high-resolution mapping of light elements in thin specimens such as a biological cell with a few-micron thickness. We have explored the method to obtain intracellular distribution of light elements particularly of minor light elements such as Ca, P, and S. Since abundant major light elements, C, O and N are constituent elements of most biomolecules, ...

Atrazine (ATRA) is metabolized by cytochrome P450s to the chlorinated metabolites, 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-amino-1,3,5-triazine (ETHYL), 2-chloro-4-amino-6-isopropylamino-1, 3, 5-triazine (ISO), and diaminochlorotriazine (DACT). Here, we develop a set of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models that describe the influence of oral absorption and oxidative metabolism on the blood time ...

Morphine 6-glucuronide (M6G) is an active metabolite of morphine that could be used as a drug, but its hydrolysis into morphine remains controversial. We investigated the acidic hydrolysis of M6G and found that the recovery of morphine did not exceed 5%. The stability of M6G was studied in different physiological compartments of male Sprague-Dawley rats. The formation of morphine after M6G incu...