The escalation hypothesis posits that predation by increasingly powerful and metabolically active carnivores has been a major driver of metazoan evolution. We test a key tenet of this hypothesis by analyzing predatory drill holes in fossil marine shells, which provide a ~500-million-year record of individual predator-prey interactions. We show that drill-hole size is a robust predictor of body ...

Combinatory Reduction Systems with Extensions (CRSX) is a system available from http:// crsx.sourceforge.net and characterized by the following properties: Higher-order rewriting engine based on pure Combinatory Reduction Systems with full strong reduction (but no specified reduction strategy). Rule and term syntax based on λ-calculus and term rewriting conventions including Unicode support. St...

0

Abstract The Habsburg Monarchy has often been called a “Europe en miniature.” A diversity of political territories and spaces, nations nationalities, languages, denominations, churches was typical throughout the 19th century. This article addresses complexity with fresh approach. Drawing on new history emotion, it combines perspectives territories, loyalties in order to shed light nation buildi...

0

The Quranic concept of lapidating devils with meteors has received a variety of interpretations throughout Islamic history. In the past, it was interpreted to mean heavenly meteors thrown at devils in order to prevent them from giving ear to heavenly tidings. However, in the fourteenth century AH and as a result of modern scientific achievements, different non-literal interpretations were sugge...

OBJECTIVE Previous investigations into the relationship between late-life depressive symptoms and cognitive functioning have resulted in mixed findings concerning whether or not depressive symptoms and cognitive functioning are related. The mixed reports may be due in part to differences in clinical and nonclinical samples and to inadequate consideration of the dynamic nature (i.e., fluctuating...