The human lens provides one-third of the ocular focussing power and is responsible for altering focus over a range of distances. This ability, termed accommodation, defines the process by which the lens alters shape to increase or decrease ocular refractive power; this is mediated by the ciliary muscle through the zonule. This ability decreases with age such that around the sixth decade of life...

AIMS In humans, impaired gastric accommodation is associated with early satiety and weight loss. In animals, accommodation involves activation of gastric nitrergic neurones. Our aim was to study involvement of nitric oxide in gastric accommodation and in meal induced satiety in humans. METHODS The effect of N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) 4 mg/kg/h and 8 mg/kg/h on gastric compliance, on ...

The aim of this work was to ascertain whether there are differences in amplitude, latency, and peak velocity of accommodation and disaccommodation responses when different analysis strategies are used to compute them, such as fitting different functions to the responses or for smoothing them prior to computing the parameters. Accommodation and disaccommodation responses from four subjects to pu...

This study aimed to characterize corneal accommodation in alert chicks with and without experimentally-induced astigmatism. Refraction and corneal biometry were measured in 16 chicks with experimentally-induced astigmatism (>1.00 D) and 6 age-matched control chicks (astigmatism ⩽ 1.00 D). Corneal accommodation was detected using a Placido-ring based videokeratography system, by measuring change...

PURPOSE To identify whether static and dynamic aspects of accommodation other than accuracy are deficient in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) and whether poor accommodation is related to sensory or motor pathway deficits. METHODS Static aspects of accommodation (maximum accommodative response and lag) were measured with an autorefractor for both proximal and minus lens demands. Dynamic asp...

PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of age and accommodation on lens cross-sectional area (CSA). METHODS High-resolution magnetic resonance images of the eye were acquired from 25 subjects ranging in age from 22 to 50 years during accommodation and with accommodation at rest. The images were analyzed to obtain the total lens CSA and the CSAs of the anterior and posterior portions of the lens. RE...

Phenotypic accommodation is adaptive adjustment, without genetic change, of variable aspects of the phenotype following a novel input during development. Phenotypic accommodation can facilitate the evolution of novel morphology by alleviating the negative effects of change, and by giving a head start to adaptive evolution in a new direction. Whether induced by a mutation or a novel environmenta...

Thermal accommodation coefficient, one of the fundamental parameters in rarefied gas dynamics, is usually introduced to account for the fraction of incident molecules interacting with solid surface in a diffusive manner. In the present study, the effects of thermal accommodation on the unsteady one-dimensional micro-flow are examined, when the oscillating flow input is applied, by employing the...

This paper considers a fault accommodation problem for inertial navigation systems (INS) that have redundant inertial sensors such as gyroscopes and accelerometers. It is wellknown that the more sensors are used, the smaller the navigation error of INS is, which means that the error covariance of the position estimate becomes less. Thus, when it is decided that double faults occur in the inerti...

An outreach service from a post-acute metropolitan teaching hospital delivered an intensive, multidisciplinary and coordinated allied health service, and achieved both early hospital discharge and the prevention or delay of nursing home placement. This article reports on three types of cases which illustrate how the service assisted ward teams, families and patients to determine whether nursing...