political and social isolation of women in pre-islamic period and their blurred role in social and political life was changed with the advent of islam. however, in the era of the caliphs, under the influence of jewish and christian cultural elements and the revival of certain pre-islamic arabian traditions, the page was turned and the situation is well reflected in historical texts and traditio...

In the XIV century, Turkish conquest of Asia Minor and establishment Ottoman sultanate made this state border with Byzantium.The interstate shaped conditions war led to emergence political problems. At same time, mutual good neighborly relations processes have been established between states, which lasted more than a century half. Relations two states were at different levels, depended on issue...