Our previous study suggested that the highly toxic α,β-unsaturated aldehyde acrolein, a byproduct of oxidative stress, plays a major role in acetaminophen-induced liver injury. In this study, to determine the involvement of acrolein in the liver injury and to identify novel therapeutic options for the liver damage, we examined two putative acrolein scavengers, a thiol compound cysteamine and a ...

Acid-base disturbances are common occurrence in hospitalized patients with life threatening complications. 5-oxoproline has been increasingly recognized as cause of high anion gap metabolic acidosis (AGMA) in association with chronic acetaminophen use. However, laboratory workup for it are not widely available. We report case of 56-year-old female with severe AGMA not attributable to ketoacidos...

Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is a major cause of acute liver failure. Peripheral 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin, 5-HT) is a cytoprotective neurotransmitter which is also involved in the hepatic physiological and pathological process. This study seeks to investigate the mechanisms involved in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity, as well as the role of 5-HT in the liver's response to APAP toxicity. We i...

The abuse of Acetaminophen (over-the-counter drug) is rapidly increasing globally, thus inducing physiological alterations and toxicity. In this study, it was hypothesized that overdose acetaminophen may induce certain type anemia; hence the anemia induced by oral exposure to toxic dose evaluated. Fifteen (15) Wistar rats weighing approximately 160 g were grouped into three (3) groups; Group 1 ...

Acetaminophen is a non-steroidal drug used as an anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic in humans animals. In chicks, neurotoxicity associated with acetaminophen has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to identify the neurobehavioral, biochemical histopathological effects 7 day-old broiler chicks. acute LD50 estimated by up- and- down method, then influence on open field ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Acetaminophen poisoning accounts for a disproportionate percentage of all toxic ingestions, and can be life-threatening. This article reviews the mechanism and presentation of acetaminophen toxicity, as well as its treatment, including current thinking and treatment recommendations. RECENT FINDINGS N-acetylcysteine acts to detoxify acetaminophen in several ways, but primaril...

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including acetaminophen (APAP), have been reported to induce cytotoxicity in cancer and non-cancerous cells. Overdose of acetaminophen (APAP) causes liver injury in humans and animals. Hepatic glutathione (GSH) depletion followed by oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are believed to be the main causes of APAP toxicity. The precise mole...

The pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor and member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Activation of PXR represents an important mechanism for the induction of cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) enzymes that can convert acetaminophen (APAP) to its toxic intermediate metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI). Therefore, it was hypothesized that activation of PXR...