Glucose-1-(14)C and acetylglucosamine-1-(14)C were added singly and together with equal amounts of the unlabeled reciprocal to Brain Heart Infusion and used for the culture of Streptococcus pyogenes. The labeling pattern of the rhamnose, glucosamine, and muramic acid in the cell wall supported an intermediary role for acetylglucosamine in providing the C1-C6 moiety of muramic acid. Although rad...

The circannual behaviour of glycosylation and protein synthesis in frog liver slices was studied following the incorporation of 3H-galactose and 14C-glucosamine into glycolipids and glycoproteins and 3H-leucine into proteins. The activity of two enzymes the galactosyl-transferase and the N-acetyl-glucosaminyl-1-P-transferase was determined. The incorporations of both sugars into the soluble fra...

In this paper, we aimed to study the role of mannose receptor (MR) in oligochitosan induced RAW264.7 (a murine macrophage cell line) activation. Oligochitosan, which has 3-10 saccharide (N-acetyl-glucosamine or glucosamine) residues, was prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of chitosan using cellulase. Fluorophore 2-aminoacridone was conjugated to oligochitosan to observe cellular events of oligoch...

The number of goblet cells in the small intestine decreased in the vitamin A-deficient rat. Incorporation of W-D-glucosamine into a fucose-containing glycopeptide declined markedly. Ultracentrifugation of this glycopeptide in Hz0 gave only a single component, with a sedimentation value of 3.6 S, whereas, in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.5) two components appeared, with much higher sedimentation ...

The occurrence of N-nonsubstituted glucosamine residues in Bacillus cereus cell wall peptidoglycan is demonstrated and accounts for resistance of the cell walls to lysozyme. Lysozyme-resistant cell walls isolated from three strains of B. cereus indicate unusually small free muramic acid contents as analyzed in an autoanalyzer after acid hydrolysis. Over 80% of the total muramic acid was recover...

Chitosan is a unique biopolymer in the respect that it is abundant, cationic, low-toxic, non-immunogenic and biodegradable. The relative occurrence of the two monomeric building units (N-acetyl-glucosamine and D-glucosamine) is crucial to whether chitosan is predominantly an ampholyte or predominantly a polyelectrolyte at acidic pH-values. The chemical composition is not only crucial to its sur...

Introduction Hydrogels are a class of three-dimensional, highly hydrated polymeric networks (1). They are suitable for biomedical applications because of their high tissue compatibility mainly caused by the high water content of the gels (2). Chitosan (CS) (poly[β-(1-4)-2-amino-2-deoxy-Dglucopyranose]) is a non-toxic and biocompatible copolymer of N-glucosamine and N-acetyl-glucosamine produced...

Chitosan is a linear heteropolymer consisting of β 1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) and D-glucosamine (GlcN). We have compared the antifungal activity of chitosan with DPn (average degree of polymerization) 206 and FA (fraction of acetylation) 0.15 and of enzymatically produced chito-oligosaccharides (CHOS) of different DPn alone and in combination with commercially available syntheti...

Chitosan is a linear cationic biopolymer composed of glucosamine and N-acetyl-glucosamine that is only soluble in acidic aqueous solutions and precipitates when neutralized. However, it was recently discovered that chitosan dissolved in solutions containing glycerol phosphate was soluble at near neutral pH and produced a sol-gel transition when heated. Understanding this unique thermogelling sy...

Dolichyl phosphate (C55) and dolichyl phosphate prepared from liver were incubated with an enzyme prepared from soya-bean protoplasts. They both stimulated the transfer of radioactivity from UDP-D-glucose to lipid, but the stimulation was greater with liver dolichyl phosphate. Liver dolichyl phosphate with the soya-bean enzyme stimulated the transfer of radioactivity from UDP-N-acetyl-D-[U-14C]...