Effects of venom from black scorpion Androctonus crasicuda (AC) were determined on isolated chick biventer cervices nerve-muscle and mouse hemidiaphragm preparations using twitch tension method. The isolated nerves were stimulated by electrical stimulator and response to each stimulus was recorded. The venom mainly acted prejunctionally to facilitate neuromuscular activity due to an increase in...

We have determined the subunit stoichiometry of chicken neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes by quantitation of the amount of radioactivity in individual subunits of [35S] methionine-labeled receptors. The chicken neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor appears to be a pentamer of two alpha 4 acetylcholine-binding subunits and three beta 2 structural subunit...

The effects of the calcium ionophore A23187, arachidonic acid, and acetylcholine were studied in isolated canine basilar arteries. Rings with and without endothelium were suspended for isometric tension recording in physiological saline. In unstimulated rings, A23187, arachidonic acid, and acetylcholine caused endothelium-dependent contractions. The contractions of rings caused by uridine 5'-tr...

We have investigated the actions of acetylcholine in the absence and presence of the P-agonist isoproterenol in cardiac Purkinje fibers. t3-Agonists, like isoproterenol, increase the magnitude of the pacemaker current (If) in cardiac myocytes by shifting its activation voltage more positive on the voltage axis. We find that acetylcholine has no effect on If in the absence of isoproterenol. Howe...

Of the many causes of dementia, Alzheimer disease (AD) is most common. Diagnosis generally followed by treatment. One common treatments AD a type medication called acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs). ChEIs work blocking breakdown chemical in brain acetylcholine. In doing so, allows more this to be available brain. This can improve or maintain cognition and memory.

Neuroprotection is the preservation of structure and function neurons from insults cellular injuries caused by a variety agents or neurodegenerative diseases. Medicinal plants possess neuroprotective effects via mechanisms that include inhibiting protein-based deposit accumulation, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, correcting defects neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine dopamine [1-3]. Th...

Background and Purpose: We investigated the chemical identity of the endothelium-derived relaxing factor generated by acetylcholine in cerebral microvessels by studying the effects and mechanism of action of inhibitors of nitric oxide synthesis from arginine on the vasodilation and endothelium-derived relaxing factor production induced by topical application of acetylcholine in cerebral arterio...

Intracoronary acetylcholine produces endothelium-dependent dilation of normal coronary arteries and paradoxical constriction of atherosclerotic vessels. Regional differences in endothelium-dependent vasomotion, however, have not been studied in relation to the nonuniform development of atherosclerosis. We compared the vasomotor response to increasing doses of acetylcholine of angiographically s...

Daily living often requires individuals to flexibly respond to new circumstances. There is considerable evidence that the striatum is part of a larger neural network that supports flexible adaptations. Cholinergic interneurons are situated to strongly influence striatal output patterns which may enable flexible adaptations. The present experiments investigated whether acetylcholine actions in d...

Trout, Laura, John T. Gatzy, and Stephen T. Ballard. Acetylcholine-induced liquid secretion by bronchial epithelium: role of Cl2 and HCO3 2 transport. Am. J. Physiol. 275 (Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 19): L1095–L1099, 1998.—Inhibitors of Cl2 and HCO3 2 secretion reduce acetylcholine-induced liquid, but not mucin, secretion by bronchial submucosal glands [S. K. Inglis, M. R. Corboz, A. E. Taylor, a...