thinkers and philosophers have constantly benefited from different         approaches of reasoning to explore and justify their ideas. theses reasoning            approaches are considered as the principle instruments in speculative activities of the thinkers. to this end to achieve the procedure of thinking and the way philosophers achieve objectives, it is necessary to recognize their reasoni...

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This paper experimentally tests the impact of managerial incentives on competitive (market) outcomes. We use a Cournot duopoly game to show that when managers’ incentives are based on the firm’s absolute performance (profits), collusion can be sustained. However, when managers’ incentives are based on the firm’s relative performance (their profits relative to the other firm’s profits), this dri...

This paper examines the impact of repeated renegotiation on incentives and managerial tenure when performance information is serially correlated. In addition to providing a general solution to a multi-period agency problem with serially correlated performance measures, the paper characterizes optimal managerial tenure/turnover policies as a function of the time-series properties of performance ...

Using data on 2941 practicing managerial accountants, we explore rank-based di€erences in measured ability, and technical, industry, and tacit managerial knowledge. Our data indicate that concomitant with increases in rank are: (1) decreasing levels of, and increasing variability in, measured entry-level technical knowledge, (2) increasing measured levels of, and generally decreasing variabilit...

What are the forces that influence strategic managerial decisions in the context of economic transition? In this paper, we analyse how strategic and governance forces influence the degree of discretion perceived by managers operating in the context of the transition economy of Russia. An exploratory case study provides insights about the managerial decision-making process in a transition econom...

This study investigates the connection between digital business strategy and achieving competitive advantage by using four capabilities, namely managerial, operational, IT, e-collaboration that depict a seen as need to achieve improve boost competitiveness. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used one of data analysis techniques, many 832 banking personnel participated in survey respondents....

CNC machine tool position controller connects control system with actuating mechanism and often adopts traditional PID control technology. But the traditional PID technology is hard to achieve rapid adjustment and lesser overshoot at the same time. Consequently, the CNC machine tool fuzzy immune PID position controller based on immunity feedback control theory is developed in the study. The exp...