Progressive Multifocal Leucoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disorder caused by the reactivation of a latent virus in immunosuppressed individuals (usually as a result of Human Immune Deficiency virus infection [HIV] or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome [AIDS]). This report highlights the case of a young man with PML who initially presented with psychosis but was, in fact, in a state o...

There is a global Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. It is estimated that the total number of people living with Human Immune deficiency Virus (HIV) is 33.2 million in the year 2007. An estimated 2.1 million people died from AIDS in 2007. As highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) becomes more widely used, the side effects of this regime are becoming more evident in clini...

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an infectious disease that is caused by the human immuno deficiency virus (HIV). The virus affects and destroys the immune system and causes infected people to become more prone to opportunistic infections (Lindsay 2001:S4). Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) is the worst affected area in the world, with 64% of all people with HIV living in SSA (Joint United ...

Since publication in 2000 of APA’s Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients With HIV/ AIDS (1), new evidence has become available that affects the psychiatric care of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). This guideline watch highlights this evidence for the following areas: epidemiology, antiretroviral medication regi...

Since the emergence of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), tuberculosis and human immune defi­ ciency virus (HIV) infection have been intimately linked. Several studies have clearly shown that the incidence of active tuberculosis is increased in HIV infected patients (1). AIDS patients with tuberculosis have a higher inci­ dence of extra-pulmonary and pleural disease. The most common si...

John Fahey was one of the first investigators to study the then-new acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). He made major contributions to the design of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), and vigorously promoted novel and high-quality science as the MACS evolved. His contributions are highly valued.

Toxoplasma encephalitis is a well recognized complication of acquired immune deficiency syndrome, solid organ transplantation, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, patients with hematologic malignancies not treated with allogeneic HSCT may also develop this condition, which requires high clinical suspicion and consideration for prophylactic therapy.

Abbreviations: AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome; ARDS, adult respiratory distress syndrome; BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; CMV, cytomegalovirus; CNS, central nervous system; CT, computed tomography; DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid; EIA, enzyme immunoassay; GMS, Grocott methenamine-silver; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography...