In today’s restructured environment, congestion management plays an essential role in power system operation. Different methods are presented and discussed in this respect for congestion management in short-term and long-term intervals. It is attempted in the present paper to investigate the impact mechanism of FACTS devices and demand response programs together with generation re-dispatch as s...

Variable renewable power sources are being integrated into power systems across the world. This restructuring process requires extensions of most parts of the power system infrastructure: generation, transmission, as well as storage capacity. Joint optimization of infrastructure extension and operation is a powerful method to identify technical solutions with minimal economic costs. This optimi...

Although there is keen interest in the potential adaptive value of epigenetic variation, it is unclear what conditions favor the stability of these variants either within or across generations. Because epigenetic modifications can be environmentally sensitive, existing theory on adaptive phenotypic plasticity provides relevant insights. Our consideration of this theory suggests that stable main...

GABAergic interneurons control neuronal excitability, integration, and plasticity. Further, they regulate the generation of temporal synchrony and oscillatory behavior among networks of pyramidal neurons. Such oscillations within and across neural systems are believed to serve various complex functions, such as perception, movement initiation, and memory. Alterations in the development of GABAe...

QoS (Quality of Service) routing is a key network function for the transmission and distribution of digitized audio/video across next-generation high-speed networks. It has two objectives: finding routes that satisfy the QoS constraints and making efficient use of network resources. The complexity involved in the networks may require the consideration of multiple constraints to make the routing...