The aim of this study was to determine whether there was any difference in the degree of enamel loss at bond-up, debond and enamel clean-up when two different adhesive systems were tested and with four different methods of enamel clean-up. The adhesive systems were 37 per cent o-phosphoric acid with Transbond XT (group 1) and 10 per cent poly(acrylic acid) conditioner with Fuji Ortho LC (group ...

The pathways of propionate formation in the propionibacteria and of propionate oxidation in animal tissues have been well documented. In the bacteria the final step is the transfer of a carboxyl group from methylmalonyl CoAl to pyruvate with the formation of oxalacetate and propionyl CoA." I The reaction was found to involve biotin;2 the purified enzyme, methylmalonyl-oxalacetic transcarboxylas...

pH-sensitive poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) hydrogel reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) was prepared. Acrylic acid (AA) was subjected to chemical cross-linking using the cross-linking agent MBA (N,N-methylenebisacrylamide) with CNC entrapped in the PAA matrix. The quantity of CNC was varied between 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 wt %. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data showed an increase in crystallini...

New semi-interpenetrating polymeric network (IPN) hydrogels based on chitosan and poly(acrylic acid), crosslinked with glutaraldehyde, were prepared by free radical polymerization method. IPN hydrogels were synthesized by simultaneous polymerization/crosslinking of acrylic acid monomer in the presence of chitosan and crosslinker. The structure and surface morphology of the IPN hydrogels were ch...

To develop low-cost and environmentally friendly polymeric materials for enrichment, separation, and remediation of metal ions from water, graft copolymers based on cellulose extracted from pine needles were synthesized by grafting of 2-hydroxy methacrylate (HEMA) alone and with comonomers acrylic acid, acrylamide, and acrylonitrile by benzoyl peroxide initiation. The effects of change in conce...

We present a facile strategy to synthesize self-healable tough and highly stretchable hydrogels. Our design rationale for the creation of ionic cross-linked hydrogels is to graft an acrylic acid monomer on the surface of vinyl hybrid silica nanoparticles (VSNPs) for the growth of poly(acrylic) acid (PAA), and the obtained VSNP-PAA nanobrush can be used as a gelator. Physical cross-linking throu...

In this paper, we have investigated the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of N-isopropylacrylamide-acrylic acid (NIPAAm-AAc) copolymer as a function of chain-transfer agent/initiator mole ratio, acrylic acid content of copolymer, concentration, pH and ionic strength of aqueous copolymer solution. Aqueous solutions with the desired properties were prepared from previously purified polym...

A cellulosic component was extracted from low-value palm tree wastes, empty fruit bunches, and functionalized through grafting with acrylic acid in a previous study. The as-synthesized poly(acrylic acid)/cellulose graft copolymer was applied in the current study as an adsorbent for the removal of the cationic dye methylene blue and the heavy metal lead from industrial wastewater. Factors and pa...