Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated nuclear receptors controlling many important physiological processes, including energy homeosta-sis, lipid, and glucose metabolism, inflammation, as well as cell proliferation and differentiation. PPARs and their het-erodimeric partner (retinoid X receptor, RXR) have been found in early embryo, developing fetus, and in var...

Prostaglandins (PGs), a group of key lipid mediators, are involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes including inflammation and cardiovascular homeostasis. Each PG acts on its specific and distinct cell surface G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Prostaglandin F(2α) receptor (FP) is required for female reproductive funct...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors (NRs) that regulate genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism. PPAR activity is regulated by interactions with cofactors and of interest are cofactors with ubiquitin ligase activity. The E6-associated protein (E6-AP) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that affects the activity of other NRs, although its effects on PPARs have ...

Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors, originally implicated in the regulation of lipid and glucose homeostasis. In addition, natural and synthetic PPAR activators may control inflammatory processes by inhibition of distinct proinflammatory genes. As signaling via the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) pathway is criti...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a subfamily of nuclear hormone receptors that function as ligand-activated transcription factors to regulate lipid metabolism and homeostasis. In addition to their ability to promote gene transcription in a PPAR-dependent manner, ligands for this receptor family have recently been shown to induce mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pho...

This article is available online at http://www.jlr.org The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of a nuclear receptor family of ligand-dependent transcription factors ( 7 ). The PPAR subfamily comprises three isotypes, PPAR , / , and , which play various roles in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, cell proliferation and differentiation, and infl ammation; they are co...

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are central regulators of fat metabolism, energy homeostasis, proliferation, and inflammation. The three PPAR subtypes, PPARα, β/δ, and γ activate overlapping but also very different target gene programs. This review summarizes the insights into PPAR subtype-specific transactivation provided by genome-wide studies and discusses the recent ...

BACKGROUNDS/AIMS During the acute phase response, cytokines induce marked alterations in lipid metabolism including an increase in serum triglyceride levels and a decrease in hepatic fatty acid oxidation, in bile acid synthesis, and in high-density lipoprotein levels. METHODS Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs: PPARα, β/δ, and γ) regulate fatty acid metabolism, glucose homeost...

Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR) gene family members exhibit distinct patterns of distribution in tissues and differ in functions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the evolutionary impacts on diversity functions of PPAR members and the regulatory differences on gene expression patterns. 63 homology sequences of PPAR genes from 31 species were collected and analyzed....

Peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptors (PPARs) are transcription factors belonging to the superfamily of nuclear receptors. The isoforms of PPAR include PPAR alpha, PPAR gamma and PPAR delta (also known as PPAR beta). Generally, PPARs potentiate insulin sensitivity, improve glucose/lipid metabolism, suppress inflammation/oxidative stress, attenuate excessive immune responses, regulate cell...