Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FuCS), a kind of complex glycosaminoglycan from sea cucumber, has potent anticoagulant activity. In order to understand the relationship between structures and activity, the depolymerized FuCS (dFuCS) was chosen to prepare its derivates by selective substitution at OH groups. Its O-acylation was carried out in a homogeneous way using carboxylic acid anhydrides. ...

Elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) binds all elongator aminoacyl-transfer RNAs (aa-tRNAs) for delivery to the ribosome during protein synthesis. Here, we show that EF-Tu binds misacylated tRNAs over a much wider range of affinities than it binds the corresponding correctly acylated tRNAs, suggesting that the protein exhibits considerable specificity for both the amino acid side chain and the tRNA bod...

The effect of fermentation, storage and stewing on the content and composition of anthocyanins as well as antioxidant capacity of red cabbage was studied. The observation of anthocyanins profile by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS was conducted. Red cabbage products contained twenty different nonacylated and acylated anthocyanins with main structure of cyanidin-3-diglucoside-5-glucoside. Treatments applied affec...

TLR2 in association with TLR1 or TLR6 plays an important role in the innate immune response by recognizing microbial lipoproteins and lipopeptides. Here we present the crystal structures of the human TLR1-TLR2-lipopeptide complex and of the mouse TLR2-lipopeptide complex. Binding of the tri-acylated lipopeptide, Pam(3)CSK(4), induced the formation of an "m" shaped heterodimer of the TLR1 and TL...

1,3,4,6-Tetrakisand 1,3,4,5,6-pentakis-acylmyoinositols are obtained by the controlled cat­ alyzed acylation of myoinositol. The extent of the substitution depends both on the reaction conditions and the structure of the acylating agent, including steric factors. Chromic acid oxidation converts the acylmyoinositols into the corresponding 2-ketones. Under electron impact, the compounds undergo s...

Manipulations of cell surface glycosylation or glycan decoration of selected proteins hold immense potential for exploring structure-activity relations or increasing glycoprotein quality. Metabolic glycoengineering describes the strategy where exogenously supplied sugar analogues intercept biosynthetic pathways and are incorporated into glycoconjugates. Low membrane permeability, which so far l...

The kinetics of the reaction of d-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase with 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) show that NAD(+) dissociates from the enzyme before the reaction. In contrast 2-chloromercuri-4-nitrophenol reacts with the holoenzyme without prior dissociation of NAD(+). These studies and observations on the dissociation constant of NAD(+) to the lobster enzyme show that NAD(+...

Red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Var. Capiata L.) is a fresh edible vegetable abundant in acylated anthocyanins with high antioxidant properties and is a promising resource for the functional food industry. Anthocyanin characterization of red cabbage is not a new topic, but the predominant anthocyanins have been coeluted using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) because of their simi...

Acylated xylan-based magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite hydrogels (ACX-MNP-gels) were prepared by fabricating Fe₃O₄ nanoctahedra in situ within a hydrogel matrix which was synthesized by the copolymerization of acylated xylan (ACX) with acrylamide and N-isopropylacrylamide under ultraviolet irradiation. The size of the Fe₃O₄ fabricated within the hydrogel matrix could be adjusted through controlling ...

The membrane form of Trypanosoma brucei variant surface glycoprotein (mfVSG) is acylated with ester-linked tetradecanoic (myristic) acid (Ferguson, M. A. J., and Cross, G. A. M. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 3011-3015). Comparative analysis of Pronase peptides from mfVSG and soluble VSG localizes the site of mfVSG acylation to a COOH-terminal oligosaccharide structure. Chemical and enzymatic treat...